The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmental effects of information and communications technologies
Abstract
The digital revolution affects the environment on several levels. Most directly, information and communications technology (ICT) has environmental impacts through the manufacturing, operation and disposal of devices and network equipment, but it also provides ways to mitigate energy use, for example through smart buildings and teleworking. At a broader system level, ICTs influence economic growth and bring about technological and societal change. Managing the direct impacts of ICTs is more complex than just producing efficient devices, owing to the energetically expensive manufacturing process, and the increasing proliferation of devices needs to be taken into account.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“TSMC), the company that manufactures the GPUs designed by NVIDIA (among other companies), citing the complexity of their supply chains and proprietary information of its customers, also does not provide granular data for their suppliers nor their internal processes (such as chemical purification) [136]”
From From Efficiency Gains to Rebound Effects: The Problem of Jevons' Paradox in AI's Polarized Environmental Debate (2025) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“meaning that it is impossible to carry out a full life cycle analysis of the hundreds of thousands of GPUs that are designed and manufactured each year and used to train and deploy AI models.”
From From Efficiency Gains to Rebound Effects: The Problem of Jevons' Paradox in AI's Polarized Environmental Debate (2025) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“The rare earth minerals needed to produce computing hardware are mined in unsustainable and opaque ways.”
From From Efficiency Gains to Rebound Effects: The Problem of Jevons' Paradox in AI's Polarized Environmental Debate (2025) · cites this paper as [136]
Citations
Cites
Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits (1965)
Moore, G. E. (2021) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/12274.003.0027 · Cited by 6,274
US Environmental Protection Agency
Liu, X. (1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-4455 · Cited by 5,887
The Singularity Is near: When Humans Transcend Biology
Mead, W. R., & Kurzweil, R. (2006) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20031996 · Cited by 3,418
Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States
Leontief, W. W. (1936) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1927837 · Cited by 2,789
Energy efficiency and consumption—The rebound effect—A survey
A. Greening, L., Greene, D. L., & Difiglio, C. (2000) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(00)00021-5 · Cited by 2,077
General purpose technologies and economic growth
Helpman, E. (1998) · Cited by 1,027
The hitch hiker's guide to LCA : an orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application
Baumann, H., & Tillman, A. (2004) · Cited by 758
Grübler, A. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316036471 · Cited by 662
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods and Services: An Input-Output Approach
Hendrickson, C. T. (2006) · Cited by 643
Halogenated Flame Retardants: Do the Fire Safety Benefits Justify the Risks?
Shaw, S. D. (2010) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh.2010.25.4.261 · Cited by 620
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Williams, E. & Hatanaka, T. Sustainable consumption and the information technology revolution. Proc. First Int. Workshop Sustainable Consumption 69–75 (Soc. Non-traditional Technol., 2003).
- Hilty, L. Information Technology and Sustainability: Essays on the Relationship (Books on Demand, 2008).
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories. Missed Call: iPhone's Hazardous Chemicals 〈 http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/iPhones-hazardous-chemicals.pdf 〉 (Greenpeace International, 2007).
- Chisholm, M. & Bu, K. China's e-waste capital chokes on old computers. Reuters News Service (11 June 2007).
- Warren, P. Organised crime targets waste recycling 〈 http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jul/08/recycling-electronic-waste-crime 〉 The Guardian (8 July 2009).
- Nordbrand, S. Out of control: E-waste trade flows from the EU to developing countries (SwedWatch, 2009).
- Roth, K. W. & Kurtis McKenney, K. Energy Consumption by Consumer Electronics in U.S. Residences 〈 http://www.ce.org/pdf/Energy%20Consumption%20by%20CE%20in%20U.S.%20Residences%20(January%202007).pdf 〉 (TIAX, 2007).
- Buchert, M., Schuler, D. & Bleher, D. Critical Metals for Sustainable Technologies and their Recycling Potential (United Nations Environment Programme, 2009). This article discusses the definition of criticality of metals, recounts the use of critical metals in different technologies, and surveys the status of recycling.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 303
Organisational effects of virtual meetings How can we gain from fewer handshakes
Lindeblad, P. A. (2012) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University) · Cited by 5
Mobility Matters: Technology, Telework, and the (Un)sustainable Consumption of Distance
Hynes, M. J. (2013) · ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) · doi:10.13025/17178 · Cited by 5
Adoption of twin transition technologies in developing countries: A bivariate analysis
Menéndez, M. D. L. M., & Lavopa, A. (2025) · Journal of Evolutionary Economics · doi:10.1007/s00191-025-00910-z · Cited by 4
Sustainability in the Field of Software Engineering: A Tertiary Study
García‐Mireles, G. A., Moraga, M. Á., García, F. O., & Calero, C. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology · doi:10.1145/3747178 · Cited by 4
Ran, R., Dong, D., Jia, H., & Xie, Y. Y. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-025-10052-2 · Cited by 4
The machine translator’s visibility
Moorkens, J. (2025) · Translation Spaces · doi:10.1075/ts.23030.moo · Cited by 5
Taylor, A. R. E., & Vai, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88173-2_9 · Cited by 5
Digital technologies and ILK in the Arctic: In search of epistemological pluralism
Roturier, S., & Beau, R. (2022) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.03.025 · Cited by 4
Rieger, A., & Schor, J. B. (2021) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77712-8_5 · Cited by 4
Liu, G., & Wan, S. (2022) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.15244/pjoes/147197 · Cited by 4
Fazal, S., & Azam, A. (2023) · iRASD Journal of Economics · doi:10.52131/joe.2023.0502.0141 · Cited by 4
Mattila, T., Judl, J., & Seppälä, J. (2014) · Ecoproduction · doi:10.1007/978-981-4560-41-2_6 · Cited by 5
Environmental Impacts of Electronic Media : A Comparison of a Magazine’s Tablet and Print Editions
Achachlouei, M. A. (2013) · Cited by 4
Yue, Q., & Lv, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16146097 · Cited by 3
Sustainable electronic waste management framework for academic institutions in India
Ganesh, S. V., Suresh, V., Rajakarunakaran, S., & Suryakumar, V. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24278-z · Cited by 3
Balasooriya, A., & Sedera, D. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70571 · Cited by 7
Zhu, S., Jin, Y., Hou, Y., Li, J., Meng, X., Li, Z., & Liu, X. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.4681230 · Cited by 3
Majumder, D., Fajal, S., Shirolkar, M. M., T., A. T. A., Banyla, Y., Biswas, K., Rasaily, S., & Ghosh, S. K. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202419830 · Cited by 3
Carbon Topography Representation: Improving Impacts of Data Center Lifecycle
Weppe, O., Bekri, D., Marty, T., Guibert, L., Aubet, L., Prévotet, J.-C., Pelcat, M., & Rumley, S. (2025) · ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review · doi:10.1145/3757892.3757898 · Cited by 3
Media Industries and the Ecological Crisis
Maxwell, R. (2014) · Media Industries · doi:10.3998/mij.15031809.0001.207 · Cited by 3
Grigorescu, A., Lincaru, C., & Pîrciog, S. C. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13061808 · Cited by 3
Dzakiah, D., Assiddiq, M. A., & Mustari, S. H. (2020) · Indonesian EFL Journal · doi:10.25134/ieflj.v6i2.3384 · Cited by 3
Sustainable Fourth Industrial Revolution
Norouzi, N. (2021) · Practice, progress, and proficiency in sustainability · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-2523-7.ch003 · Cited by 3
Pang, Q., Zhao, T., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-30513-9 · Cited by 3
Conductive and Smart Textiles: Innovations and Environmental Impact
Gaffar, M. A., Mahin, M., Islam, M., Raha, M. R., & Islam, M. R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6385-9_13 · Cited by 2
Xiao, Y., Li, K., & Shi, X. (2025) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-025-06918-6 · Cited by 2
Fast could be green? The carbon emission effect of large computing clusters in China
Yang, H., Chen, W., & Gaofeng, W. (2025) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-025-06960-4 · Cited by 2
Yu, Z., Gu, Y., Shuai, C., Chen, X., Xu, M., & Zhao, B. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c02246 · Cited by 2
Qiu, H., Li, X., Kang, J., Zhang, L., & Lei, B. (2025) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.5164 · Cited by 2
Energy Efficiency Research And Development: Consumption- And Environment-Centric Perspectives
Nishant, R., Teo, T. S. H., & Goh, M. (2012) · Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 2
Green networking: Developing sustainable computer networks
Beckmann, E. C., Jauco, L. M., & Koo, S. G. M. (2014) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc.2014.6974520 · Cited by 2
1 MORE DISPOSABLE THAN EVER? CONSEQUENCES OF NON-REMOVABLE BATTERIES IN MOBILE DEVICES
Bakker, C. A., & Kuijer, L. (2014) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · Cited by 2
The Perceptions of Managers Relating to Subordinate Productivity in Virtual Work Arrangements
Melvin, F. A. (2015) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 2
Planning and city policy responses to remote work in urban environments
Zenkteler, M. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.213156 · Cited by 2
Enabling Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security in Smart Manufacturing
Kumar, R. S., Keerthana, G., Murali, L., Chidambaranathan, S., Premkumar, C. D., & Mahaveerakannan, R. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119821809.ch17 · Cited by 2
A designerly methodology for software development
Bois, E. D. (2013) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · doi:10.4233/uuid:6f8f9802-f174-4be9-b51e-741315add1be · Cited by 2
Nanobiotechnology for E-waste management
Dodamani, S., Kurangi, B. K., Teradal, N. L., & Kurjogi, M. M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822878-4.00017-1 · Cited by 1
Sánchez-Vázquez, M., Iribar, A. S., Miguel, N. P., & Lage, J. C. (2025) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci15010030 · Cited by 1
Pypen: Code instrumentation tool for dynamic analysis and energy efficiency evaluation
Pulido, C. D., García, I., Moraga, M. Á., García, F. O., & Calero, C. (2025) · Computer Standards & Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.csi.2025.104000 · Cited by 1
Digital economy development and enterprise carbon reduction: evidence from China
Li, Z., Luo, T., Yan-lin, L., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Accounting Literature · doi:10.1108/jal-11-2024-0336 · Cited by 1
Impact of information and communication technology on financial development: An International view
Ashraf, B., Zhang, Q., Mahmood, A., & Aslam, N. (2025) · Journal of Global Information Technology Management · doi:10.1080/1097198x.2025.2520713 · Cited by 1
Liu, C., WANG, H., Xiao, B., Nie, J., & Shang, X. (2026) · Green and Smart Mining Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.gsme.2025.11.004 · Cited by 1
Can smartphone use promote environmental efficiency? A study of maize farmers in China
Yang, G., Vrachioli, M., Tang, J., & Sauer, J. (2026) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-026-07692-9 · Cited by 1
Limiting Human Genomic Data Generation and Retention for Environmental Reasons
Xin, W., Ghinea, N., & Newson, A. J. (2026) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.70166 · Cited by 1
La strategia dell’efficienza di fronte all’effetto rimbalzo
Arrobbio, O. (2014) · Quaderni di Sociologia · doi:10.4000/qds.327 · Cited by 1
Energy Saving Through Traffic Profiling in Self-Optimizing Optical Networks
Pederzolli, F., Siracusa, D., Salvadori, E., & Cigno, R. L. (2015) · IEEE Systems Journal · doi:10.1109/jsyst.2015.2476559 · Cited by 1
Future Perspectives on Electronic Scrap
(2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203116456-19 · Cited by 1
Godbless, E. E., & Israel, O. E. (2022) · Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies · doi:10.20448/ajssms.v9i1.3692 · Cited by 1
Laudato Si’ and Augmented Reality: In Search of an “Integral Ecology” for the Digital Age
Spina, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108227049.011 · Cited by 1
刘, 纯. (2023) · Operations Research and Fuzziology · doi:10.12677/orf.2023.136622 · Cited by 1
Souesme, G., Halgand, F., & Maintenant, C. (2024) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2024.2396258 · Cited by 1
Liu, Q., Wang, Z., & Liu, M. (2020) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.04.129 · Cited by 1
Mutchek, M. (2012) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) · Cited by 1
Singh, J., Singh, C. D., & Deepak, D. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119865216.ch5 · Cited by 1
Urbanization and Carbon Efficiency: Causal Evidence from China's City-County Merger PolicyPreprint
Chen, X., zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4844589 · Cited by 1
Yepes, L., & María, A. (2013) · RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology)
Sustainability impact of nanomaterial enhanced lithium ion batteries
Ganter, M. J. (2013) · RIT Scholar Works (Rochester Institute of Technology)
Hajautetun työn yhteys työkiireeseen
Yläkangas, T. (2014) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Netto, Y. W. E. D. C., de Oliveira, L. R., & de Souza, C. V. (2017) · Produto & Produção · doi:10.22456/1983-8026.49993
Horta, A., Correia, A., Fonseca, S., Nobre, N., & Trüninger, M. (2015) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4188.1366
Cárdenas, M. F., Moreno, A. O., Bravo-Hernández, N. L., Béjar, J. A. L., & Hernández, L. A. S. (2022) · INCEPTUM · doi:10.33110/inceptum.v10i19.315
Using RFID to output reliability indicators in PC refurbishment
Cronin, É. (2012) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) · doi:10.34961/3535
Green IS in Education Industry: A Case Study
Zhao, F., Farmer, S. C., Alejandro, J., & Perez-Estrada, A. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39510-4_12
Managing the Use-phase and Embodied Energy Consumption to Achieve Sustainable Network Growth
Chan, C. A., Gygax, A. F., Leckie, C. A., Wong, E., & Nirmalathas, A. T. (2016) · Asia Communications and Photonics Conference · doi:10.1364/acpc.2016.as3d.1
Macroergonomic Effects on Manufacturing Systems
Realyvásquez-Vargas, A., Maldonado-Macías, A. A., & García-Alcaráz, J. L. (2017) · Management and industrial engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68684-4_6
Laudato Si’ and Augmented Reality - In Search of an Integral Ecology for the Digital AgePreprint
Spina, A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3088487
Zeng, X., Ali, S. H., Tian, J., & Li, J. (2019) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0251.v1
مؤتمر الجوانب القانونية والاقتصادية للتنمية المستدامة في ضوء رؤية مصر ٢٠٣٠ "يومي ٥-٦ نوفمبر 2022"
(2023) · Maǧallaẗ al-'ulūm al-Qānūniyyaẗ wa-al-Iqtiṣādiyyaẗ/Maǧallaẗ al-'ulūm al-Qānūniyyaẗ wa-al-Iqtiṣādiyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/jelc.2023.288112
Li, Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3234064/v1
Has the Development of The Digital Economy Reduced the Growth Rate of Carbon Emissions?
Yin, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Business Economics and Management · doi:10.54097/fbem.v11i2.12568
Rethinking Digitalization and Climate: Don't Predict, MitigatePreprint
Gritsenko, D., Aaen, J., & Flyvbjerg, B. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4867289
Barna, I., Hrytsak, L. R., & Henseruk, H. (2025) · CTE Workshop Proceedings · doi:10.55056/cte.921
Calvi, A. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5236977
Green Communication Techniques for AI-Enhanced Resource Allocation in Future 6G NetworkPreprint
Adeyinka, K. I., Huang, Q. M., & Adeyinka, T. I. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6200135/v1
Elfassy, M. D., Runeckles, K., Simms, N., Anderson, G., Simard, A., Brahmbhatt, D. H., Seto, E., Lipscombe, A., Faroutan, F., Miller, F. A., et al. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2025.07.026
Cyclic trinuclear unit derived porous aromatic framework for gold extraction from e-waste
Dou, Z., Yang, F., Ding, S., & Tian, Y. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Science · doi:10.3724/jmolsci.2025110003
Abid, M., Abdelli, H. A., Gheraia, Z., Ghandri, M., & Elshaabany, M. M. (2026) · Green Technologies and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.grets.2026.100354
Bonab, S. R., & Yamchi, H. R. (2026) · OPSEARCH · doi:10.1007/s12597-026-01100-6
Chen, S.-M., Zhang, Z.-W., Xiao, S. J., Liang, R., Zhang, L., & Qiu, J. (2026) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2026.139649
Unpacking the influence of ICT on respiratory diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
Luo, H., Zhang, L., Sun, Y., & Zhang, L. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-41234-7
Electrically and thermally driven magnetoresistance in rare-earth GdGe2N4 monolayer: A DFT approach
Liu, B., Guan, Q.-L., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Zhu, S., Yu, X., & Shao, Y. (2026) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2026.187218
Khalid, M. W., Lambarraa-Lehnhardt, F., & Nicita, L. (2026) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.70921 · Cited by 1
Stef, N., Başağaoğlu, H., Yoosefdoost, I., Jabeur, S. B., & Chakraborty, D. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107398
AI Çağında İnsan Odaklı Eleştirel Bir Düşünce Akımı: Post-Luddizm
Darıcı, S. (2026) · 3 SEKTÖR SOSYAL EKONOMİ DERGİSİ · doi:10.63556/tisej.2026.1584
Segmenting consumer knowledge and attitudes: Behavioral insights for End-of-Current-Use electronics
Saeedi, P., Williams, E. G., Watson, S. L., Cade, W., & Oh, T. (2026) · Sustainability Analytics and Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.samod.2026.100057
Self-citationDigital technologies for achieving SDG 11 targets: A holistic systems-level perspective
Hariyani, D., Hariyani, P., Choudhary, S., & Mishra, S. (2026) · Sustainable Cities and Society Advances · doi:10.1016/j.scsadv.2026.100064 · Cited by 2
Digitalization and sustainability in purchasing and supply chain management
Sarkis, J., Bai, C. A., Culot, G., & Orzes, G. (2026) · Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management · doi:10.1016/j.pursup.2026.101140
Bai, C., Wang, W., & Zhang, M. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18104988
Peng, H., Ying, H., Zhang, J., Wang, S., & Lu, Y. (2026) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2026.104383
Roy, S., Vaidya, K., Harvey, J., & Fradette, L. (2026) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-026-02658-5
Zhang, J., & Peng, B. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18147058
Leveraging Behavioral Tipping Points to Improve Sustainability Outcomes in Consumer Electronics
Saeedi, P., Cade, W., Jabin, N., Oh, T., Watson, S., & Williams, E. (2026) · Challenges · doi:10.3390/challe17030024
Self-citationAltindağ, E., & ÖZDER, S. I. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. · doi:10.7759/s44404-026-00198-7
Chen, C., & Wang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1903560
Pollution exposure, talent flight, and the digital divide: Evidence from China
Chen, H., & Zhu, S. (2026) · Journal of Asian Economics · doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2026.102237
Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of Optimization Techniques in C, Python, and Java
Pulido, C. D., García, F. O., Moraga, M. Á., Baños-González, M., Rico‐Gallego, J., & Corral-García, J. (2026) · Software Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/spe.70096
Wang, G., He, W., Li, S., Wei, Y., & Wang, C. (2026) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2026.141624
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, E.
- Affiliations
- Rochester Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, Eric
- ORCID
- Williams, Eric
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 479
- Issue
- 7373
- Pages
- 354-358
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2065348025
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Keywords
- information and communication technologies, environmental impact, digital revolution, ICT manufacturing, energy consumption, smart buildings, remote work, network equipment, economic growth, technological change, social change
- MeSH terms
- Conservation of Energy Resources, Efficiency, Environment, Humans, Technology, Hazardous Substances, Recycling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review