Designer Dirac fermions and topological phases in molecular graphene
Abstract
The observation of massless Dirac fermions in monolayer graphene has generated a new area of science and technology seeking to harness charge carriers that behave relativistically within solid-state materials. Both massless and massive Dirac fermions have been studied and proposed in a growing class of Dirac materials that includes bilayer graphene, surface states of topological insulators and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Because the accessibility of this physics is predicated on the synthesis of new materials, the quest for Dirac quasi-particles has expanded to artificial systems such as lattices comprising ultracold atoms. Here we report the emergence of Dirac fermions in a fully tunable condensed-matter system-molecular graphene-assembled by atomic manipulation of carbon monoxide molecules over a conventional two-dimensional electron system at a copper surface. Using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we embed the symmetries underlying the two-dimensional Dirac equation into electron lattices, and then visualize and shape the resulting ground states. These experiments show the existence within the system of linearly dispersing, massless quasi-particles accompanied by a density of states characteristic of graphene. We then tune the quantum tunnelling between lattice sites locally to adjust the phase accrual of propagating electrons. Spatial texturing of lattice distortions produces atomically sharp p-n and p-n-p junction devices…
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Recently, varieties of artificial systems have enabled the imitation and exploration of graphene and Dirac cones using the honeycomb structure with controllable parameters and observables beyond traditional graphene itself.
“Recently, varieties of artificial systems have enabled the imitation and exploration of graphene and Dirac cones using the honeycomb structure with controllable parameters and observables [10-25] beyond traditional graphene itself where those are not easily accessible.”
From Observing movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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“[17] Gomes, K.”
BackgroundDirac Dynamics in Waveguide Arrays: From Zitterbewegung to Photonic Topological Insulators
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- Authors
- Gomes, K. K., Mar, W., Ko, W., Guinea, F., & Manoharan, H. C.
- Affiliations
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Manoharan, Hari C.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 483
- Issue
- 7389
- Pages
- 306-310
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2147095865
- Cited by
- 741
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 39.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Keywords
- Dirac fermions, topological phases, two-dimensional electron systems, copper surfaces, honeycomb lattice, Dirac point, pseudomagnetic field, topological insulators, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, relativistic electrons, molecular assembly, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy
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