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Cited by 7Topological Materials and PhenomenaGraphene research and applicationsPlasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

Observing movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics

Open access
Lu, Yong-Heng, Wang, Yao, Chang, Yi-Jun, Li, Zhan-Ming, Cui, Wen-Hao, Gao, Jun, Zhou, Wen-Hao, Zheng, Hang +1 more·2021·Physical Review B
DOI 10.1103/physrevb.103.064304
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Abstract

Graphene with honeycomb structure, critically important in understanding physics of matter, exhibits exceptionally unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect and unconventional electronic spectrum with quantum relativistic phenomena. Particularly, graphenelike structure can be used for realizing topological insulator which inspires an intrinsic topological protection mechanism with strong immunity for maintaining coherence of quantum information. These various peculiar physics arise from the unique properties of Dirac cones which show high hole degeneracy, massless charge carriers, and linear intersection of bands. Experimental observation of Dirac cones conventionally focuses on the energy-momentum space with bulk measurement. Here, we demonstrate a direct observation of the movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics in photonic graphene under different biaxial strains. Sharing the same spirit of wave-particle nature in quantum mechanics, we identify the movement of Dirac cones by dynamically detecting the edge modes and extracting the diffusing distance of the packets with accumulation and statistics on individual single-particle registrations. Our results of observing movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics, together with the method of direct observation in real space by mapping the band structure defined in momentum space, paves a novel way to understand and explore a variety of artificial structures.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

The paper directly observes movement of Dirac cones in photonic graphene by mapping band-structure changes into real-space single-photon dynamics under biaxial strain. It identifies Dirac-cone movement through edge-mode confinement and photon diffusing distance in isotropic and two anisotropic honeycomb lattices.

Key findings

  • In the isotropic case \(R=1\), the lattice shows double-conical Dirac band structure; introducing anisotropy moves the Dirac cones apart for \(R<1\) and toward each other for \(R>1\), with merging/annihilation and band-gap opening in the latter.
  • For \(R<1\), bearded edge modes become strongly confined while zigzag edge modes become weakly confined; for \(R>1\), zigzag modes decouple from the bulk at \(k_x=-\pi/2\) and \(0\), with edge ratios continuously much higher than for \(R=1\).
  • Diffusing-distance measurements match the band-structure deformation: for \(R<1\), bearded-edge excitation at \(|\pi/2|\) gives nearly zero diffusing distance versus high/increasing distance for \(R=1\), while zigzag excitation at \(|\pi|\) diffracts into the bulk for \(R<1\) but remains confined for \(R=1\).
  • Each photonic graphene lattice contains 449 waveguides, and experiments use propagation distances from 20 to 50 mm with step size 15 mm.

Methods

  • Three photonic graphene lattices—isotropic and two anisotropic cases under biaxial strain—were fabricated in borosilicate glass (\(n_0=1.514\)) by femtosecond laser direct writing, with zigzag and bearded terminations and 449 waveguides each.
  • Heralded single photons were generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion in a PPKTP crystal pumped by a 405 nm diode laser, producing 810 nm photon pairs; one photon triggered an APD while the other was injected into the lattice edge, and output patterns were imaged with a triggered ICCD camera.
  • Dirac-cone movement was inferred by exciting bearded or zigzag edge modes at selected Bloch wavevectors, measuring the ratio of photons remaining in the edge, and extracting the diffusing distance \(\Delta d = h_1 - h_0\) via a center-recognition algorithm.

Limitations

  • The paper states that opening a band gap in graphene requires large strain, even exceeding the order of 20%, attributed to deformation and anisotropy rather than inner disorder or fluctuation.
  • The Methods note that because of the large lattice size, uniformity of waveguides at different depths needed improvement; this was addressed by spatial light modulator shaping and power compensation.
  • No explicit limitations section is present; evident from the text, the study is restricted to three fabricated strain configurations in a photonic analogue and reports edge-ratio and diffusing-distance results mainly through figures rather than exact numerical values in the text.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1103/physrevb.103.064304

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

20 of 25 cited sources checked · 11 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 2

    Introducing anisotropy along the vertical and diagonal directions into graphene leads to broken six-fold symmetry and level crossing with deformation of the bandstructure.

    “In contrast, introducing the anisotropy along the vertical direction and diagonal direction into the graphene leads to the broken six-fold symmetry and level crossing with the deformation of the bandstructure [29-31].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim3 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [29] Pereira, V.M., Castro Neto, A. H. &amp; Peres, N.M. R. Tight-binding approach to uniaxial strain in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80 , 045401 (2009). source

      The paper reports direction-dependent anisotropy and deformation of graphene’s band structure (VI. Critical Gap, pp. 4–5). It also says the Dirac cones eventually merge under zig-zag strain, but never meet under armchair strain; the gap requires a critical deformation. The cited passages do not identify the directions as “vertical” and “diagonal” or explicitly describe broken six-fold symmetry, so they do not support the claim’s unqualified account of level crossing in both directions. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [30] Delplace, P., Ullmo, D., &amp; Montambaux, G. Zak phase and the existence of edge states in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 84 , 195452 (2011). source

      Section IV.A says that changing the hopping ratios moves the Dirac points, and Section IV.B says that increasing anisotropy can merge them and then open a band gap. The copy does not specifically describe anisotropy along vertical and diagonal directions or state that it breaks six-fold symmetry; the reported band touching and merging also do not establish a general level-crossing claim. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [31] Hasegawa, Y. Hasegawa &amp; Kishigi, K. Merging Dirac points and topological phase transitions in the tightbinding model on the generalized honeycomb lattice. Phys. Rev. B 86 , 165430 (2012). source

      The Introduction (p. 1) links broken rotational symmetry to moving and merging Dirac points and says that direction-dependent hoppings can move, merge, and annihilate them, changing the energy gap. The paper also compares a six-fold-symmetric case (p. 8) with lower-symmetry cases (p. 9; Appendix B, p. 13). Our copy does not specifically establish that anisotropy along the vertical and diagonal directions produces the claimed level crossing and bandstructure deformation. (LLM, conf=0.78)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    The wave function and band modes can be mapped to robust observables in 1D real space.

    “The manipulation and manifestation of the wave function and band modes can be appropriately mapped to the robustly certain observables in 1D real space [26, 27].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [26] Zeuner, J. M. et al. Observation of a topological transition in the bulk of a non-Hermitian system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 , 040402 (2015). source
    • cites [27] Wang, Y. et al. Direct Observation of Topology from Single-Photon Dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 , 193903 (2019). source

      The main text (pp. 1–2) describes a one-dimensional lattice and shows how its topological winding number can be measured through a real-space photon-population observable. The results (p. 4) report that the topological transition remains identifiable with introduced disorder. The paper does not establish that the wave function and band modes themselves are mapped to robust observables. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 2

    The opening band gap in graphene requires large strain, even exceeding the order of 20%, attributed to deformations and anisotropy by applying strain instead of inner disorders or fluctuation.

    “One should note that the opening band gap in graphene requires large strain, even exceeding the order of 20% [24, 29], which is attributed to the deformations and anisotropy by applying strain instead of the inner disorders or fluctuation of the graphene.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [24] Jacqmin, T. et al. Direct observation of Dirac cones and a fatband in a honeycomb lattice for polaritons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 116402 (2014). source

      The paper describes Dirac points in a polariton honeycomb lattice and compares its bands with graphene (pp. 1–2). Searches for graphene strain, a 20% threshold, and strain-induced anisotropy found no passage addressing the claimed requirement for opening a band gap or its proposed cause. (LLM, conf=0.76)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [29] Pereira, V.M., Castro Neto, A. H. &amp; Peres, N.M. R. Tight-binding approach to uniaxial strain in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80 , 045401 (2009). source

      The opening passage (p. 1) and Discussion (p. 6) say that a bulk spectral gap induced by uniform strain requires deformation exceeding 20% in the paper’s tight-binding model, with the outcome depending on strain direction. The paper attributes gap opening to the merging of Dirac points, not to anisotropy itself, and the cited passages do not establish the claim’s contrast with intrinsic disorder or fluctuations. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    The paper directly observed the movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics in photonic graphene under different biaxial strains.

    “Here, we demonstrate a direct observation of the movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics in photonic graphene under different biaxial strains.”
    • Also stated in: § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 4 · boosted
      “we present direct observation of the movement of Dirac cones from single-photon dynamics in photonic graphene fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing technique.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Light is compatible with graphene theory and, as a stream of photons, can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.
  • Findingown data
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    The movement of Dirac cones was identified by dynamically detecting the edge modes and extracting the diffusing distance of the packets with accumulation and statistics on individual single-particle registrations.

    “we identify the movement of Dirac cones by dynamically detecting the edge modes and extracting the diffusing distance of the packets with accumulation and statistics on individual single-particle registrations.”
    • Also stated in: § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 4 · plain
      “we identify the movement of Dirac cones in all cases via detecting the ratio of photons in the edge and extracting diffusing distance along the evolution of photons.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Light is compatible with graphene theory and, as a stream of photons, can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.
  • May combine two claims. 6
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 2

    In isotropic graphene, c_v = c_d, the lattice is hexagonal and tunnelling is equivalent in all directions, preserved by six-fold symmetry.

    “In the isotropic graphene, c v = c d , the lattice is hexagonal and the tunnelling is equivalent in all directions, which is preserved by the six-fold symmetry [1].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S. &amp; Geim, A. K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 , 109162 (2009). source

      Section II.A (page unavailable) describes graphene as hexagonal and uses one hopping energy, t, for its three nearest-neighbor bonds, supporting equivalent nearest-neighbor hopping in the model. The cited passages do not establish the specific equality c_v = c_d or state that tunnelling is equivalent in all directions; the model also distinguishes nearest- from next-nearest-neighbor hopping. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    Around Dirac cones, conduction and valence bands intersect linearly at a degenerate point, resulting in a linear energy band and massless relativistic transport of electrons as quasiparticles.

    “Around Dirac cones, conduction and valence bands intersect linearly at a degenerate point resulting in the linear energy band and massless relativistic transport of electrons as quasiparticles [4].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438 , 197200 (2005). source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    The band structure related to Dirac cones has been widely investigated in the energy-momentum space using bulk measurement with measured density and dispersion pattern.

    “The band structure related to Dirac cones has been widely investigated in the energy-momentum space using the bulk measurement with measured density and dispersion pattern [10, 22-25].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim3 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [10] Polini, M., Guinea, F., Lewenstein, M., Manoharan, H. C., &amp; Pellegrini, V. Artificial honeycomb lattices for electrons, atoms and photons. Nature Nanotech. 8 , 625633 (2013). source

      The Introduction (p. 1) describes Dirac cones as linearly dispersing bands, and ‘Designing and probing Dirac bands’ (p. 1) says artificial lattices are used to investigate Dirac energy–momentum dispersion. But the Fig. 2 discussion (p. 4) describes calculated band structures and density of states alongside local STM measurements; it does not establish the claimed widespread use of bulk measurements to measure both density and dispersion patterns. (LLM, conf=0.82)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [22] Tarruell, L., Greif, D., Uehlinger, T., Jotzu, G., &amp; Esslinger, T. Creating, moving and merging Dirac points with a Fermi gas in a tunable honeycomb lattice. Nature (London) 483 , 302 (2012). source

      The paper reports measuring the gas’s quasi-momentum distribution and using momentum-resolved interband transitions to locate Dirac points (pp. 2–3). But the Methods (p. 5) say the energy spectrum was obtained from a numerical band-structure calculation, not a measured energy–momentum dispersion pattern. This paper also cannot, by itself, establish that the approach was widely investigated. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [23] Torrent, D. &amp; S´ a nchez-Dehesa, J. Acoustic analogue of graphene: observation of Dirac cones in acoustic surface waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 , 174301 (2012). source
    • cites [24] Jacqmin, T. et al. Direct observation of Dirac cones and a fatband in a honeycomb lattice for polaritons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 , 116402 (2014). source
    • cites [25] Peng, S. et al. Probing the band structure of topological silicon photonic lattices in the visible spectrum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 , 117401 (2019). source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    Recently, varieties of artificial systems have enabled the imitation and exploration of graphene and Dirac cones using the honeycomb structure with controllable parameters and observables beyond traditional graphene itself.

    “Recently, varieties of artificial systems have enabled the imitation and exploration of graphene and Dirac cones using the honeycomb structure with controllable parameters and observables [10-25] beyond traditional graphene itself where those are not easily accessible.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim8 of 10 sources checked
    • cites [10] Polini, M., Guinea, F., Lewenstein, M., Manoharan, H. C., &amp; Pellegrini, V. Artificial honeycomb lattices for electrons, atoms and photons. Nature Nanotech. 8 , 625633 (2013). source
    • cites [11] Peleg, O., Bartal, G., Freedman, B., Manela, O., Segev, M., &amp; Christodoulides, D.N., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 , 103901 (2007).

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [12] Bahat-Treidel, O. et al. Klein tunneling in deformed honeycomb lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 , 063901 (2010). source
    • cites [13] Rechtsman, M. C. et al. Topological creation and destruction of edge states in photonic graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 , 103901 (2013). source
    • cites [14] Rechtsman, M. C. et al. Strain-induced pseudomagnetic field and photonic Landau levels in dielectric structures. Nature Photon. 7 , 153158 (2013). source
    • cites [15] Plotnik, Y. et al. Observation of unconventional edge states in photonic graphene. Nature Mat. 13 , 5762 (2014). source
    • cites [16] De Simoni, G., Singha, A., Gibertini, M., Karmakar, B., Polini, M., Piazza, V., Pfeiffer, L. N., West, K. W., Beltram, F., &amp; Pellegrini, V. Delocalized-localized transition in a semiconductor two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 , 132113 (2010). source
    • cites [17] Gomes, K. K., Mar, W., Ko, W., Guinea, F. &amp; Manoharan, H. C. Designer Dirac fermions and topological phases in molecular graphene. Nature 483 , 306310 (2012). terns. Firstly, we sign the position where photons are injected as the reference and the position is marked by h 0 . Then, we identify the centroid of the cluster of photons and their positions are marked by h 1 . The diffusing distance can be estimated by ∆ d = h 1 -h 0 . The diffusing distance of photons shows the diffraction into bulk and the localization in edge, which further distinctly reveals and verifies the movement of the D source
    • cites [18] Bellec, M., Kuhl, U., Montambaux, G. &amp; Mortessagne, F. Topological transition of Dirac points in a microwave experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 , 033902 (2013). source
    • cites [19] Bellec, M., Kuhl, U., Montambaux, G. &amp; Mortessagne, F. Tight-binding couplings in microwave artificial graphene. Phys. Rev. B 88 , 115437 (2013). source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 2

    For R < 1, the applied anisotropy broadens the region of bearded mode and narrows the region of zigzag mode compared to the isotropic case.

    “Fig.2f shows that the applied anisotropy further broadens the region of bearded mode and narrows the region of zigzag mode comparing to that in isotropic case.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The diffraction of light in photonic graphene is described by the paraxial discrete Schrödinger equation.
    • Rests on an assumption: The coupling constant between nearest-neighbor waveguides in the photonic graphene consists of only two parts, vertical coupling c_v and diagonal coupling c_d.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    The mapping approach can be extended to higher dimension for dynamical detection of high-complex artificial structures, making it possible to directly observe the movement of Dirac cones in real space.

    “The mapping approach can be extended to higher dimension for dynamical detection of high-complex artificial structures, which, fascinatingly, can make it possible to directly observe the movement of Dirac cones in real space.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 1

    A pair of degenerate points, behaving as topological defects in the band structure with associated Berry phase of π and -π, guarantees stability and robustness against small perturbations and disorders.

    “A pair of degenerate points, behaving as topological defects in the band structure with associated Berry phase of π and -π , guarantees the stability and robustness against small perturbations and disorders, which inspires topologically protected quantum computing [5].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [5] Moore, J. E. The birth of topological insulators. Nature (London) 464 , 194 (2010). source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Study design and conductreasoning
    § Methods · p. 5

    The narrow-strip-shaped probe photons are able to excite the selected edge (bottom or top edge) of the lattices precisely.

    “The narrow-strip-shaped probe photons are able to excite the selected edge (bottom or top edge) of the lattices precisely.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Methods · p. 5

    The uniformity and depth-independence of the large array can be guaranteed by the SLM and power compensation.

    “Here, uniformity and depthindependence of the large array can be guaranteed by the SLM and power compensation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Methods · p. 5

    With the heralded single photon source and triggered single-photon imaging, the captured distribution pattern at the output facet of photonic graphene will be able to faithfully reflect the investigated single-photon dynamics.

    “With the heralded single photon source and triggered singlephoton imaging, the captured distribution pattern at the output facet of photonic graphene will be able to faithfully reflect the investigated single-photon dynamics.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Light is compatible with graphene theory and, as a stream of photons, can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § Methods · p. 6

    The diffusing distance of photons shows the diffraction into bulk and the localization in edge, which further distinctly reveals and verifies the movement of the Dirac cones.

    “The diffusing distance of photons shows the diffraction into bulk and the localization in edge, which further distinctly reveals and verifies the movement of the Dirac cones.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The diffraction of light in photonic graphene is described by the paraxial discrete Schrödinger equation.
    • Rests on an assumption: The coupling constant between nearest-neighbor waveguides in the photonic graphene consists of only two parts, vertical coupling c_v and diagonal coupling c_d.
    • Rests on an assumption: Light is compatible with graphene theory and, as a stream of photons, can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Observing Movement of Dirac Cones from Single-Photon Dynamics · p. 2

    For R > 1, the merging and annihilation of Dirac cones results in the zigzag edge mode occupying all of the Brillouin zone and the disappearance of the bearded edge mode.

    “resulting in zigzag edge mode occupying all of the Brillouin zone with the disappearing of bearded edge mode.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The diffraction of light in photonic graphene is described by the paraxial discrete Schrödinger equation.
    • Rests on an assumption: The coupling constant between nearest-neighbor waveguides in the photonic graphene consists of only two parts, vertical coupling c_v and diagonal coupling c_d.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Methods · p. 5

    The three types of photonic graphene are all well fabricated and integrated in a borosilicate glass substrate.

    “The isotropic photonic graphene and two anisotropic graphenes are all well fabricated and integrated in a borosilicate glass substrate”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Study design and conductreasoning
    § Methods · p. 5

    The translation stages can precisely control the connection between photons and lattices to reduce coupling loss.

    “The translation stages, possessing smooth continuous motion and long-term stability, can precisely control the connection between photons and lattices to reduce the coupling loss.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
14 of 14

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The diffraction of light in photonic graphene is described by the paraxial discrete Schrödinger equation.

    “Because the diffraction of light in photonic graphene can be described by the paraxial discrete Schr¨ o dinger equation, the propagation of photons through the three types of graphene are all governed by:”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The coupling constant between nearest-neighbor waveguides in the photonic graphene consists of only two parts, vertical coupling c_v and diagonal coupling c_d.

    “Furthermore, we note that the coupling constant c i,j concludes two parts: vertical coupling c v and diagonal coupling c d , as depicted in Fig.1b-d.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Light is compatible with graphene theory and, as a stream of photons, can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.

    “As a typical physical wave, light is well compatible to graphene theory, meanwhile as a stream of photons, light can be manipulated and detected down to single-particle level.”
3 of 3

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Authors
Lu, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Chang, Y.-J., Li, Z.-M., Cui, W.-H., Gao, J., Zhou, W.-H., Zheng, H., & Jin, X.-M.
Affiliations
  • University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review B
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2021-02-05
Volume
103
Issue
6
ISSN
  • 2469-9950 (ISSN-L)
  • 2469-9969
DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.064304
OpenAlex
W3003262615
Cited by
7
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical review. B./Physical review. B (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Basic Research Program of China (2019YFA0706302, 2019YFA0308700, 2017YFA0303700)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (11874260, 11761141014, 61734005, 11690033)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (17JC1400403, 2019SHZDZX01, 20JC1416300)
  • Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2017-01-07-00-02-E00049)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Keywords
Dirac cones, photonic graphene, biaxial strain, edge states, topological insulators, wave-particle duality, single-particle tracking, quantum Hall effect

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