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The diversity-generating benefits of a prokaryotic adaptive immune system
Open accessAbstract
Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems insert spacers derived from viruses and other parasitic DNA elements into CRISPR loci to provide sequence-specific immunity. This frequently results in high within-population spacer diversity, but it is unclear if and why this is important. Here we show that, as a result of this spacer diversity, viruses can no longer evolve to overcome CRISPR-Cas by point mutation, which results in rapid virus extinction. This effect arises from synergy between spacer diversity and the high specificity of infection, which greatly increases overall population resistance. We propose that the resulting short-lived nature of CRISPR-dependent bacteria–virus coevolution has provided strong selection for the evolution of sophisticated virus-encoded anti-CRISPR mechanisms.
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Analyzing Tables of Statistical Tests
Rice, W. R. (1989) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2409177 · Cited by 14,571
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Keesing, F., Belden, L. K., Daszak, P., Dobson, A., Harvell, C. D., Holt, R. D., Hudson, P., Jolles, A., Jones, K. E., Mitchell, C. E., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09575 · Cited by 2,043
Cited by
Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants
Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Iranzo, J., Shmakov, S. A., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Cheng, D., Haft, D. H., Horvath, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x · Cited by 2,445
Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR–Cas systems
Shmakov, S., Smargon, A., Scott, D., Cox, D., Pyzocha, N., Yan, W., Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184 · Cited by 1,029
The pan-immune system of bacteria: antiviral defence as a community resource
Bernheim, A., & Sorek, R. (2020) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0278-2 · Cited by 675
CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance
Hille, F., & Charpentier, E. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0496 · Cited by 442
Anti-CRISPR: discovery, mechanism and function
Pawluk, A., Davidson, A. R., & Maxwell, K. L. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.120 · Cited by 401
Metadata
- Authors
- van Houte, S., Ekroth, A. K. E., Broniewski, J. M., Chabas, H., Ashby, B., Bondy-Denomy, J., Gandon, S., Boots, M., Paterson, S., Buckling, A., & Westra, E. R.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-04-13
- Volume
- 532
- Issue
- 7599
- Pages
- 385-388
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2338271148
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 26.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- van Houte, S., Ekroth, A. K. E., Broniewski, J. M., Chabas, H., Ashby, B., Bondy-Denomy, J., Gandon, S., Boots, M., Paterson, S., Buckling, A., & Westra, E. R. (2016). The diversity-generating benefits of a prokaryotic adaptive immune system. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17436
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