CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 442

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance

Hille, Frank, Charpentier, Emmanuelle·2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0496PMC PMC5052741
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Prokaryotes have evolved several defence mechanisms to protect themselves from viral predators. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their associated proteins (Cas) display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorizes previous infections by integrating short sequences of invading genomes—termed spacers—into the CRISPR locus. The spacers interspaced with repeats are expressed as small guide CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are employed by Cas proteins to target invaders sequence-specifically upon a reoccurring infection. The ability of the minimal CRISPR-Cas9 system to target DNA sequences using programmable RNAs has opened new avenues in genome editing in a broad range of cells and organisms with high potential in therapeutical applications. While numerous scientific studies have shed light on the biochemical processes behind CRISPR-Cas systems, several aspects of the immunity steps, however, still lack sufficient understanding. This review summarizes major discoveries in the CRISPR-Cas field, discusses the role of CRISPR-Cas in prokaryotic immunity and other physiological properties, and describes applications of the system as a DNA editing technology and antimicrobial agent. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1098/rstb.2015.0496

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • CRISPR and its associated protein (Cas-9) is a method of adaptive immunity in prokaryotes to defend themselves against viruses or bacteriophages.

    “CRISPR and its associated protein (Cas-9) is a method of adaptive immunity in prokaryotes to defend themselves against viruses or bacteriophages.2”

    From Mechanism and Applications of CRISPR/Cas-9-Mediated Genome Editing (2021) · cites this paper as [2]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 140

  1. 10.1126/science.1138140 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010060 · DOI
  3. 10.1186/1745-6150-1-7 · DOI · Paper page
  4. 10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1038/nrmicro3569 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1038/nrmicro2577 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.10.008 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.003 · DOI
  9. 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.025 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1038/nsmb.2820 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1038/nature14237 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.7554/eLife.08716 · DOI
  13. 10.1093/nar/gku510 · DOI
  14. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07465.x · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1016/j.str.2009.03.019 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1074/jbc.M803225200 · DOI
  17. 10.1093/nar/gks216 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1093/nar/gku1407 · DOI
  19. 10.1093/nar/gkt1154 · DOI
  20. 10.1093/nar/gkv1261 · DOI
  21. 10.1038/nature14245 · DOI
  22. 10.1101/gad.257550.114 · DOI
  23. 10.1126/science.aad4234 · DOI · Paper page
  24. 10.1371/journal.pone.0035888 · DOI
  25. 10.1038/ncomms1937 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1128/JB.01412-07 · DOI
  27. 10.1099/mic.0.023960-0 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1038/nature17945 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1093/nar/gku527 · DOI
  31. 10.1073/pnas.1400071111 · DOI
  32. 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.003 · DOI · Paper page
  33. 10.1101/gad.1742908 · DOI
  34. 10.1126/science.1192272 · DOI
  35. 10.1261/rna.033100.112 · DOI
  36. 10.1016/j.str.2012.06.016 · DOI
  37. 10.1093/nar/gks737 · DOI
  38. 10.1038/nsmb.2043 · DOI
  39. 10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.040 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1073/pnas.1112832108 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1093/femsre/fuv023 · DOI
  42. 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.001 · DOI
  43. 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132430 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.1038/nrg2749 · DOI · Paper page
  45. 10.1016/j.str.2010.11.014 · DOI
  46. 10.4161/rna.21410 · DOI
  47. 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.12.013 · DOI
  48. 10.1073/pnas.1104144108 · DOI · Paper page
  49. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003742 · DOI
  50. 10.1038/nature08703 · DOI
  51. 10.1126/science.1159689 · DOI · Paper page
  52. 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.03.018 · DOI
  53. 10.1126/science.1165771 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1111/mmi.12152 · DOI
  55. 10.1038/nature13637 · DOI
  56. 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.027 · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.005 · DOI
  58. 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.027 · DOI
  59. 10.1093/nar/gku161 · DOI
  60. 10.1038/nature09523 · DOI
  61. Nordström K, 1974, Effect of protein A on adsorption of bacteriophages to Staphylococcus aureus, J. Virol, 14, 198, 10.1128/JVI.14.2.198-202.1974 · DOI
  62. 10.1126/science.1067467 · DOI
  63. 10.1099/mic.0.28184-0 · DOI
  64. 10.1016/0966-842X(94)90601-7 · DOI
  65. 10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.001 · DOI
  66. 10.1007/s00018-004-4513-1 · DOI
  67. 10.1128/MMBR.57.2.434-450.1993 · DOI
  68. 10.1101/gad.6.3.497 · DOI
  69. 10.1074/jbc.M002546200 · DOI
  70. 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6059 · DOI
  71. 10.1073/pnas.0808832106 · DOI
  72. 10.15252/embj.201489455 · DOI
  73. 10.1038/nature12971 · DOI
  74. 10.1073/pnas.1524385113 · DOI
  75. 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.014 · DOI
  76. 10.1038/nature17436 · DOI
  77. 10.1038/nature11723 · DOI
  78. 10.1128/mBio.00896-14 · DOI
  79. 10.1038/nature15254 · DOI
  80. 10.1038/nature11927 · DOI
  81. 10.1128/MMBR.05026-11 · DOI
  82. 10.1038/nature14302 · DOI
  83. 10.1093/nar/gkv1213 · DOI
  84. 10.1038/nature12048 · DOI
  85. 10.1007/s10096-012-1733-4 · DOI
  86. 10.1128/mBio.00074-13 · DOI
  87. 10.1093/nar/gkl1096 · DOI
  88. 10.1101/gad.1.8.840 · DOI
  89. 10.1128/jb.175.22.7450-7462.1993 · DOI
  90. 10.1128/JB.00187-07 · DOI
  91. 10.1128/JB.02035-14 · DOI
  92. 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003454 · DOI
  93. 10.1128/JB.188.7.2364-2374.2006 · DOI
  94. 10.1016/j.tig.2010.05.008 · DOI
  95. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00976.x · DOI · Paper page
  96. Kamerbeek J, 1997, Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology, J. Clin. Microbiol, 35, 907, 10.1128/JCM.35.4.907-914.1997 · DOI
  97. 10.1099/mic.0.27437-0 · DOI · Paper page
  98. 10.1371/journal.pone.0002652 · DOI
  99. 10.1128/AEM.00468-11 · DOI
  100. 10.1128/AEM.02625-10 · DOI
  101. 10.1007/s10096-008-0674-4 · DOI
  102. 10.1002/biot.200700035 · DOI
  103. 10.1038/nbt.3043 · DOI · Paper page
  104. 10.1038/nbt.3011 · DOI · Paper page
  105. 10.1128/mBio.00928-13 · DOI
  106. 10.1073/pnas.1500107112 · DOI · Paper page
  107. 10.1038/nrg2842 · DOI · Paper page
  108. 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.07.001 · DOI
  109. van den Bosch M, 2002, DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination, Biol. Chem, 383, 873
  110. 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00279-2 · DOI · Paper page
  111. 10.1038/nprot.2013.132 · DOI
  112. 10.1038/nmeth.2598 · DOI · Paper page
  113. 10.1093/nar/gkt520 · DOI · Paper page
  114. 10.1038/nbt.3199 · DOI
  115. 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.02.004 · DOI
  116. 10.1093/nar/gku1257 · DOI
  117. 10.1093/nar/gku971 · DOI
  118. 10.1038/nbt.2884 · DOI · Paper page
  119. 10.1073/pnas.1405186111 · DOI · Paper page
  120. 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.042 · DOI
  121. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.657 · DOI · Paper page
  122. 10.1038/382722a0 · DOI
  123. 10.1073/pnas.1407473111 · DOI · Paper page
  124. 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.038 · DOI · Paper page
  125. 10.1126/science.1246981 · DOI · Paper page
  126. 10.1128/jb.169.12.5429-5433.1987 · DOI · Paper page
  127. 10.1099/mic.0.28048-0 · DOI · Paper page
  128. 10.1093/nar/gkr606 · DOI
  129. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07073.x · DOI · Paper page
  130. 10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.003 · DOI
  131. 10.1128/mBio.00227-10 · DOI
  132. 10.1016/j.mib.2013.12.001 · DOI
  133. 10.1038/ismej.2015.20 · DOI
  134. 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.065 · DOI
  135. 10.1128/mBio.00456-12 · DOI
  136. 10.1098/rspb.2015.1270 · DOI
  137. 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010 · DOI · Paper page
  138. 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.021 · DOI · Paper page
  139. 10.1101/gr.162339.113 · DOI · Paper page
  140. 10.1089/hum.2015.074 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Hille, F., & Charpentier, E.
Affiliations
Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
ORCID
Charpentier, Emmanuelle
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2016-11-05
Volume
371
Issue
1707
Pages
20150496
ISSN
  • 0962-8436
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2015.0496
PMC
PMC5052741
Cited by
442
References
17
Language
en
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Funders
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
  • Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse för Naturvetenskaplig och Medicinsk Forskning
  • Umea University
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review