Cited by 155Computational Drug Discovery MethodsProtein Structure and DynamicsEnzyme Structure and Function

Incorporation of protein flexibility and conformational energy penalties in docking screens to improve ligand discovery.

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Fischer, Marcus, Coleman, Ryan G., Fraser, James S., Shoichet, Brian K.·2014·Nature Chemistry

Abstract

Proteins fluctuate between alternative conformations, which presents a challenge for ligand discovery because such flexibility is difficult to treat computationally owing to problems with conformational sampling and energy weighting. Here we describe a flexible docking method that samples and weights protein conformations using experimentally derived conformations as a guide. The crystallographically refined occupancies of these conformations, which are observable in an apo receptor structure, define energy penalties for docking. In a large prospective library screen, we identified new ligands that target specific receptor conformations of a cavity in cytochrome c peroxidase, and we confirm both ligand pose and associated receptor conformation predictions by crystallography. The inclusion of receptor flexibility led to ligands with new chemotypes and physical properties. By exploiting experimental measures of loop and side-chain flexibility, this method can be extended to the discovery of new ligands for hundreds of targets in the Protein Data Bank for which similar experimental information is available.

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  • The development of scoring functions adapted for flexible receptor docking is crucial to achieve real improvements in pose and affinity prediction.

    “In this context, the development of scoring functions adapted for flexible receptor docking is crucial to achieve real improvements in pose and affinity prediction (Totrov and Abagyan, 1997; Wei et al., 2002; Fischer et al., 2014; Ravindranath et al., 2015; Lam et al., 2017; Kong et al., 2018).”
  • Fischer et al. successfully identified new ligands targeting specific receptor conformations of cytochrome c peroxidase using a flexible docking method that samples and weights protein conformations guided by experimentally derived conformations, integrating Boltzmann-weighted energy penalties related with protein flexibility to the DOCK3.7 scoring function.

    “Recently, Fischer et al. (2014) successfully identified new ligands targeting specific receptor conformations of cytochrome c peroxidase using a flexible docking method that samples and weights protein conformations guided by experimentally derived conformations, integrating the Boltzmann-weighted energy penalties related with the protein flexibility to the DOCK3.7 scoring function.”

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Authors
Fischer, M., Coleman, R. G., Fraser, J. S., & Shoichet, B. K.
Affiliations
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
  • Fraser, James S.
  • Shoichet, Brian K.
Venue
Nature Chemistry
Published
2014-05-25
Volume
6
Issue
7
Pages
575-583
ISSN
  • 1755-4330 (ISSN-L)
  • 1755-4349
OpenAlex
W2089879448
Cited by
149
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6
FWCI
18.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Chemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (DP5OD009180)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (F32GM096544, GM59957, R01GM059957)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords
protein flexibility, flexible docking, conformational sampling, ligand discovery, cytochrome c peroxidase, ligand pose prediction, loop flexibility, side-chain flexibility
MeSH terms
Ligands, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Proteins

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