Cited by 188Forensic and Genetic ResearchGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyRace, Genetics, and Society

Sequencing an Ashkenazi reference panel supports population-targeted personal genomics and illuminates Jewish and European origins

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Carmi, Shai, Hui, Ken Y., Kochav, Ethan, Liu, Xinmin, Xue, James, Grady, Fillan, Guha, Saurav, Upadhyay, Kinnari +24 more·2014·Nature Communications

Abstract

The Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population is a genetic isolate close to European and Middle Eastern groups, with genetic diversity patterns conducive to disease mapping. Here we report high-depth sequencing of 128 complete genomes of AJ controls. Compared with European samples, our AJ panel has 47% more novel variants per genome and is eightfold more effective at filtering benign variants out of AJ clinical genomes. Our panel improves imputation accuracy for AJ SNP arrays by 28%, and covers at least one haplotype in ≈67% of any AJ genome with long, identical-by-descent segments. Reconstruction of recent AJ history from such segments confirms a recent bottleneck of merely ≈350 individuals. Modelling of ancient histories for AJ and European populations using their joint allele frequency spectrum determines AJ to be an even admixture of European and likely Middle Eastern origins. We date the split between the two ancestral populations to ≈12–25 Kyr, suggesting a predominantly Near Eastern source for the repopulation of Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum. Ashkenazi Jews are a genetically isolated population with distinct patterns of genetic diversity. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of 128 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals and use the sequence information to provide insight into the population's European and Middle Eastern origins.

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  • Ashkenazi and Moroccan Jews both have a history in Europe.

    “The European-related component is highest in the European control populations (English and Tuscan), as well as in Ashkenazi and Moroccan Jews, both having a history in Europe (Atzmon et al., 2010; Carmi et al., 2014; Schroeter, 2008).”

    From The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant (2020) · cites this paper as Carmi et al., 2014

    The Abstract identifies Ashkenazi Jews as having Central and Eastern European ancestry, and the Results describe a substantial ancestral European contribution to their gene pool. Our copy does not address whether Moroccan Jews have a history in Europe, so it supports only the Ashkenazi part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  1. Goodman R. M. Genetic Disorders among the Jewish People The Johns Hopkins University Press (1979).

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Authors
Carmi, S., Hui, K. Y., Kochav, E., Liu, X., Xue, J., Grady, F., Guha, S., Upadhyay, K., Ben-Avraham, D., Mukherjee, S., Bowen, B. M., Thomas, T., Vijai, J., Cruts, M., Froyen, G., Lambrechts, D., Plaisance, S., Van Broeckhoven, C., Van Damme, P., Van Marck, H., Barzilai, N., Darvasi, A., Offit, K., Bressman, S., Ozelius, L. J., Peter, I., Cho, J. H., Ostrer, H., Atzmon, G., Clark, L. N., Lencz, T., & Pe’er, I.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
  • Northwell Health (US)
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • University of Antwerp (BE)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (BE)
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
  • Mount Sinai Beth Israel (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
  • Lencz, Todd
  • Pe’er, Itsik
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2014-09-09
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
4835-4835
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2083870677
Cited by
188
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
13.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (08929882, 0845677)
  • Parkinson's Disease Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk092235-06, UL1TR001073, CA121852, AG027734, DK62429)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG042188, P01AG021654, AG-021654, AG027734, P01AG027734, AG042188, T32AG023475)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH095458, RC2MH089964, MH089964, MH084098, R01MH084098, MH095458)
  • National Cancer Institute (U54CA121852, CA121852., P30CA008748)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM007205, T32GM007205)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK092235, R01-DK092235, F30DK098927, DK062422, DK098927, DK62429, U01DK062429, U24DK062429, U01DK062422)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS050487, NS050487, R01NS060113, NS060113)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Race, Genetics, and Society
Keywords
Ashkenazi Jews, reference panel, complete genome sequence, population genetics, genetic isolation, population bottleneck, admixture, European ancestry, Middle Eastern ancestry, allele frequency spectrum, imputation accuracy, variant filtering, personal genomics, demographic history, Last Glacial Maximum
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Population, Humans, Jews, Male, Middle Aged, Genetic Variation, Genome, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, White People, Metagenomics, Healthy Volunteers

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