Cited by 344Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsFibroblast Growth Factor ResearchPancreatic function and diabetes

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Mechanisms of Disease: metabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

LeRoith, Derek, Yakar, Shoshana·2007·Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1038/ncpendmet0427

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Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 is a member of a family that is involved in growth, development, cell differentiation, and metabolism. IGF1, IGF2 and insulin act primarily through tyrosine-kinase-linked receptors--the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). The IGF1R binds IGF1 and IGF2 with high affinity and the IR binds insulin with high affinity; however, since both receptors share a high degree of structural and functional homology, the IGF1R can bind insulin and the IR can bind the IGFs with reduced affinity. These two receptors can, moreover, form heterodimers, which bind both ligands. Upon binding to the receptors, cascades of tyrosine and serine kinases are stimulated to facilitate growth or metabolism. The IGF2 receptor is a scavenger receptor, and is, therefore, not involved in mediation of growth or metabolic effects of the IGF family and will not be discussed in the current article. IGF1 is a major gene target of growth hormone and its product mediates many of the actions of growth hormone on growth and development; however, IGF1 has actions distinct from those of growth hormone in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. For example, excess growth hormone causes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, whereas IGF1 has insulin-like effects that reduce blood glucose levels and has been used experimentally to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Authors: LeRoith, D., & Yakar, S.
Affiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: LeRoith, Derek
ORCID: Yakar, Shoshana
Venue: Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-03
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 302-310
ISSN: 1745-8366 (ISSN-L)
1745-8374
DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0427
OpenAlex: W2084967524
Cited by: 344
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 1.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Keywords: insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor, receptor heterodimerization, tyrosine kinase signaling, insulin-like growth factor II, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, diabetes treatment
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Models, Biological, Growth Hormone, Models, Animal, Growth and Development, Metabolic Networks and Pathways

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Mechanisms of Disease: metabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

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