Slow release of fossil carbon during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present

Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., & Billups, K. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059412 · Cited by 10,458

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 127/128 Scientific Results

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Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation

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Tracers in the Sea

Broecker, W. S., & Peng, T. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,097

Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide

Quéré, C. L., Raupach, M., Canadell, J. G., Marland, G., Bopp, L., Ciais, P., Conway, T. J., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Foster, P., et al. (2009) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo689 · Cited by 2,096

Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene

Dickens, G. R., O’Neil, J. R., Rea, D. K., & Owen, R. M. (1995) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/95pa02087 · Cited by 1,435

Rapid Acidification of the Ocean During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Zachos, J. C., Röhl, U., Schellenberg, S. A., Sluijs, A., Hodell, D. A., Kelly, D. C., Thomas, E., Nicolo, M. J., Raffi, I., Lourens, L. J., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109004 · Cited by 1,177

Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming

Svensen, H. H., Planke, S., Malthe‐Sørenssen, A., Jamtveit, B., Myklebust, R., Rasmussen, T., & Rey, S. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02566 · Cited by 1,048

The ratios of dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene and pristane to phytane as indicators of depositional environment and lithology of petroleum source rocks

Hughes, W. B., Holba, A. G., & Dzou, L. I. P. (1995) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00225-o · Cited by 927

New Guidelines for δ 13 C Measurements

Coplen, T. B., Brand, W. A., Gehre, M., Gröning, M., Meijer, H. A. J., Toman, B., & Verkouteren, R. M. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac052027c · Cited by 906

The Technosphere and Its Physical Stratigraphic Record

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.004 · Cited by 3

The Monterey Event and the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

Babila, T. L., & Foster, G. L. (2021) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119507444.ch17 · Cited by 3

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Schmidt, G. A. (2009) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4411-3_168 · Cited by 3

Volcanism caused ancient global warming

Meißner, K. J., & Bralower, T. J. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/548531a · Cited by 2

The Stratigraphic Boundary of the Anthropocene

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.007 · Cited by 2

Geological timeline of significant events on Earth

Joseph, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95717-5.00020-7 · Cited by 3

Stable isotopes of black carbon and their implications to paleoclimate in the eastern Tethys during the PETM

Palma, M. D., Wu, Q., Dong, Y., Benjamin, S., Cepin, E., Bermúdez, H. D., Chen, Z., Jiang, S., & Cui, Y. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112794 · Cited by 2

Fates of Paleo‐Antarctic Bottom Water During the Early Eocene: Based on a Lagrangian Analysis of IPSL‐CM5A2 Climate Model Simulations

Zhang, Y., Grima, N., & Huck, T. (2020) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2019pa003845 · Cited by 2

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Feedbacks Between Climate Change and Biogeochemical Cycles

Winguth, A. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22994 · Cited by 2

Past Ecosystem Dynamics in Fashioning Views on Conserving Extant New World Vegetation1

Graham, A. (2015) · Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden · doi:10.3417/2011084 · Cited by 2

Leaflet Morphology of Pueraria (Leguminosae) from the Miocene Shanwang Formation of Shandong Province and Its Palaeoecological Implications

王, 祺. (2012) · Botanical Research · doi:10.12677/br.2012.12003 · Cited by 2

Early Earth Systems

Glikson, A. Y., & Groves, C. (2015) · Modern approaches in solid earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22512-8_1 · Cited by 2

Implementation of methane cycling for deep-time global warming simulations with the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.2)

Shaffer, G., Villanueva, E. F., Rondanelli, R., Pedersen, J. O. P., Olsen, S. M., & Huber, M. S. (2017) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-10-4081-2017 · Cited by 2

Methyltrimethyltridecylchromans (MTTCs) in Mature Crude Oils: Implications for Oil Family Classification and Palaeoenvironmental Diagnosis

Tang, Y., Han, M., Yang, X., Liu, K., Lian, C., Mei, Y., Han, Y., Xu, T., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse13071343 · Cited by 1

Spatial Heterogeneity of Global Organic Matter Accumulation During the PETM

Wang, X.-T., Salman, A. M., Jin, C., Chen, Z., Peizong, L., Wang, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, S., Cui, L., & Wang, X. (2026) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2026jd046787 · Cited by 1

Phanerozoic Life and Mass Extinctions of Species

Glikson, A. Y., & Groves, C. (2015) · Modern approaches in solid earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22512-8_2 · Cited by 1

Utilizing Bamboo Biochar for Carbon Sequestration and Local Economic Development

Hall, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7588-0_33 · Cited by 1

The Oceans

Schlesinger, W. H., & Bernhardt, E. S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.00009-8 · Cited by 2

Publisher's Note

Cui, Y., Kump, L. R., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2013) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.017 · Cited by 1

Historical Perspectives of the Global Carbon Cycle

Ussiri, D. A. N., & Lal, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53845-7_5 · Cited by 1

The Biostratigraphic Signature of the Anthropocene

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.003 · Cited by 1

A Historical Perspective on Long‐Term Global Biogeochemical Box Models

Kemeny, P. C., Krause, A., & Kump, L. R. (2025) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781394229185.ch12 · Cited by 2

Using the sulfur cycle to constrain changes in seawater chemistry during the paleogene

Dennis, K. E. (2015) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 1

Numerical Climate Models and Case Histories

Summerhayes, C. P. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118897362.ch11

Carbon feedbacks on repeat?

Grimes, S. T. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2337

Some don’t like it hot

Schmidt, D. (2014) · Geology · doi:10.1130/focus092014.1 · Cited by 2

ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULED

Retail Federation (2013)

Cenozoic Atmospheres and Early Hominins

Glikson, A. Y. (2013) · SpringerBriefs in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7332-5_3

Weather instabilities as a warning sign for a nearby climatic tipping point?Preprint

Louchet, F. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.05098

The Demise of the Holocene Biosphere

Glikson, A. Y. (2017) · Modern approaches in solid earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57237-6_1

Tertiary Hyperthermal Events: Precursors of the Current Situation?Preprint

Jacobs, A., & Préat, A. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3389926

Climate Change and the Anthropocene

Singer, A. J. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429399428-18

A URGÊNCIA DO ANTROPOCENO

Claudino-Sales, V. (2020) · Revista de Geociências do Nordeste · doi:10.21680/2447-3359.2020v6n2id22217

Anthropocene Chemostratigraphy

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.005

References

(2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.008

References

(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.09992-8

Stratigraphic Signatures of the Anthropocene

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.002

Comment on gmd-2021-211

(2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2021-211-rc1

Reply on RC1

Sulpis, O. (2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2021-211-ac1

Reply on RC2

Sulpis, O. (2021) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-2021-211-ac2

Abrupt Collapse of a Swamp Ecosystem in Ne China During the Paleocene‒Eocene Thermal MaximumPreprint

Xie, Y., Wu, F., & Fang, X. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4046616

EVIDENCE FOR SHELF ACIDIFICATION DURING THE ONSET OF THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM

Bralower, T. J., Kump, L. R., Self‐Trail, J. M., Robinson, M. M., Lyons, S. L., Babila, T. L., Ballaron, E., Freeman, K. H., HAJEK, E. A., Rush, W., et al. (2020) · Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America · doi:10.1130/abs/2020se-343905

Index

Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., & Summerhayes, C. P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108621359.009

Deciphering the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum by Granger causality test

Liu, Z., Ji, X., Luo, W., Hu, Y., & Liu, H. (2022) · Geosystems and Geoenvironment · doi:10.1016/j.geogeo.2022.100125

Geological carbon cycle constraints on the terrestrial hydrological response to higher atmospheric CO 2Preprint

Rugenstein, J. K. C., & Winkler, A. J. (2022) · doi:10.1002/essoar.10512683.1

Review: Ocean acidification during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Yamaguchi, T., Kubota, Y., & Kimoto, K. (2023) · The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan · doi:10.5575/geosoc.2022.0056

Phanerozoic Mass Extinctions

Glikson, A. Y. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23709-6_7

Disobedience in a Climate of Necessity

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.003.0004

Environmentalism, or Barbarism

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.003.0001

Political Legitimacy, Authoritarianism, and Climate Change

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.003.0003

Exiting Eden

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.003.0005

Copyright Page

(2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.002.0003

Dedication

(2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.002.0004

Climate Change, Catastrophe, and the Circumstances of Justice

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.003.0002

Further Notes on Climate Change and Scarcity

Mittiga, R. A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192868879.005.0001

Evidence from the fossil record on insect response to climate change

Currano, E. D. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192864161.003.0002

Coastal enhanced olivine weathering for climate change mitigation: investigating the CO2 sequestration potential and ecotoxicological risks

Flipkens, G. (2024) · doi:10.63028/10067/2030300151162165141

Patterns of carbon-isotope excursions recorded in lacustrine sedimentary rocks of Central China during Paleocene–Eocene hyperthermals

Yan, K., Wang, C., Wang, J., Chen, R., Mischke, S., Teng, X., & Yu, X. (2025) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b37650.1

Lo que hemos aprendido tras perforar el fondo del mar desde hace medio siglo

O'Connell, S. B. (2018) · doi:10.64628/aao.ureahvwgt

Scientists have been drilling into the ocean floor for 50 years – here’s what they’ve found so far

O'Connell, S. B. (2018) · doi:10.64628/aai.kenfwrfvv

Unearthing the PETM in the Indian tropics: n-alkane and bulk carbon isotope records from the Barmer Basin

Mathew, S. M., Agrawal, S., Manoj, M. C., Sanyal, P., Rahi, I. C., Parmar, S., Prasad, V., Sharma, A., & Naik, A. S. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113336

Millennial-scale changes in marine lithofacies during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: A deep-time analog for Anthropocene hydrologic and acidification impacts

Jiang, J., Xiumian, H. U., Garzanti, E., Cui, Y., & Algeo, T. J. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105474

Mécanismes épigénétiques impliqués dans la réponse d’Arabidopsis thaliana à l’infection par Plasmodiophora brassicae sous différentes conditions abiotiques

Petitpas, M. (2023) · doi:10.70675/be90d956z4583z4445zb2e2z95a8fb3c66cc

Global changes during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: A review

Korasidis, V. A., Allen, M. L., Foreman, B. Z., Frieling, J., Hood, A. V. S., Hupp, B. N., Rush, W., & Weaver, L. N. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15748-6.00079-4

Mass Extinction of Species

Glikson, A. Y. (2013) · SpringerBriefs in earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7332-5_4

Very large release of mostly volcanic carbon during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Gutjahr, M., Ridgwell, A. J., Sexton, P. F., Anagnostou, E., Pearson, P. N., Pälike, H., Norris, R. D., Thomas, E., & Foster, G. L. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23646 · Cited by 448

Two massive, rapid releases of carbon during the onset of the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum

Bowen, G. J., Maibauer, B. J., Kraus, M. J., Röhl, U., Westerhold, T., Steimke, A., Gingerich, P. D., Wing, S. L., & Clyde, W. C. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2316 · Cited by 263

Onset of carbon isotope excursion at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum took millennia, not 13 years

Zeebe, R. E., Dickens, G. R., Ridgwell, A. J., Sluijs, A., & Thomas, E. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1321177111 · Cited by 58

Development of a novel empirical framework for interpreting geological carbon isotope excursions, with implications for the rate of carbon injection across the PETM

Turner, S. K., & Ridgwell, A. J. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.027 · Cited by 82

Evidence for a rapid release of carbon at the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

Wright, J. D., & Schaller, M. F. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1309188110 · Cited by 115