Commensal bacteria direct selective cargo sorting to promote symbiosis

The use of siRNA technology in 3D organoid cultures has been very limited.

“The use of siRNA technology in 3D organoid cultures has been very limited [48,49,50], likely also due to the technical challenge of delivering siRNAs through the extracellular matrix to organoids in situ [49].”

Nod1 and Nod2 play a key role in mediating microbe-host cross talk, including lymphoid tissue genesis, Paneth cell function, neutrophil priming, hematopoiesis, and 5-HT signaling.

“Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1), together with Nod2, as classic pattern recognition receptors, play a key role in mediating the microbe-host cross talk, including lymphoid tissue genesis (Bouskra et al., 2008), Paneth cell function in the intestine (Zhang et al., 2015), neutrophil priming (Clarke et al., 2010), hematopoiesis (Iwamura et al., 2017), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)”

Rab2a regulates cargo sorting events in neurons in C. elegans and intestinal Paneth cells.

“Studies have shown that Rab2a regulates cargo sorting events in neurons in C. elegans and intestinal Paneth cells (Edwards et al., 2009; Sumakovic et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2015).”

In cultured intestinal organoids, Rab2a knockdown leads to lysozyme being targeted for degradation in lysosomes instead of being stored in dense-core granules in Paneth cells.

“In cultured intestinal organoids, Rab2a knockdown led to lysozyme being targeted for degradation in lysosomes instead of being stored in DCGs in Paneth cells (Zhang et al., 2015).”

Rab10 colocalizes with Chga on dense-core granules in wild-type chromaffin cells.

“Rab10 colocalized with Chga on DCGs in WT chromaffin cells (Figure S3O), consistent with the previous publication indicating Rab10 localization on DCGs in intestinal Paneth cell (Zhang et al., 2015).”

Previous study found highly restricted expression of Nod1 in pancreatic beta cells but not in other pancreatic cells.

“Interestingly, our previous study found a highly restricted expression of Nod1 in pancreatic beta cells but not in other pancreatic cells (Zhang et al., 2015).”

Knockdown of Rab2a led to lysosomal degradation of lysozyme in intestinal Paneth cells.

“Knockdown of Rab2a led to lysosomal degradation of lysozyme in intestinal Paneth cells (Zhang et al., 2015).”