The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Binding of the Drosophila cytokine Spätzle to Toll is direct and establishes signaling
Abstract
The extracellular protein Spätzle is required for activation of the Toll signaling pathway in the embryonic development and innate immune defense of Drosophila. Spätzle is synthesized as a pro-protein and is processed to a functional form by a serine protease. We show here that the mature form of Spätzle triggers a Toll-dependent immune response after injection into the hemolymph of flies. Spätzle specifically bound to Drosophila cells and to Cos-7 cells expressing Toll. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the mature form of Spätzle bound to the Toll ectodomain with high affinity and with a stoichiometry of one Spätzle dimer to two receptors. The Spätzle pro-protein was inactive in all these assays, indicating that the pro-domain sequence, which is natively unstructured, acts to prevent interaction of the cytokine and its receptor Toll. These results show that, in contrast to the human Toll-like receptors, Drosophila Toll requires only an endogenous protein ligand for activation and signaling.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The possibility that mammalian TLRs recognize non-microbial structures is not unexpected, because the evolutionarily conserved Toll receptor originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster binds to the endogenous ligand Spätzle24.”
From Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage (2010) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
Cites
Janeway, C. A., & Medzhitov, R. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359 · Cited by 8,394
Regulation of Cell Survival by Secreted Proneurotrophins
Lee, R., Kermani, P., Teng, K. K., & Hempstead, B. L. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1065057 · Cited by 1,670
Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6
Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Mühlradt, P. F., Morr, M., Radolf, J. D., Zychlinsky, A., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2001) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/13.7.933 · Cited by 1,233
Lemaître, B., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14614 · Cited by 1,044
Self-citationJPred: a consensus secondary structure prediction server.
Cuff, J. A., Clamp, M. E., Siddiqui, A. S., Finlay, M., & Barton, G. J. (1998) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/14.10.892 · Cited by 1,004
The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila
Gregorio, E. D., Spellman, P. T., Tzou, P., Rubin, G. M., & Lemaître, B. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568 · Cited by 936
Clemens, J. C., Worby, C. A., Simonson-Leff, N., Muda, M., Maehama, T., Hemmings, B. A., & Dixon, J. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.110149597 · Cited by 843
A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The Drosophila Toll-Dorsal Pathway
Belvin, M. P., & Anderson, K. V. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393 · Cited by 836 · cited 1×
“, in addition to its long-known function in embryonic dorso-ventral patternin”
BackgroundMichel, T., Reichhart, J., Hoffmann, J. A., & Royet, J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414756a · Cited by 818
Self-citationToll-like receptor 4 imparts ligand-specific recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Lien, E., Means, T., Heine, H., Yoshimura, A., Kusumoto, S., Fukase, K., Fenton, M., Oikawa, M., Qureshi, N., Monks, B., et al. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8541 · Cited by 798
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 468
Kumar, V. (2019) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962 · Cited by 39
Toll and Toll-9 in Drosophila innate immune response
Bettencourt, R., Tanji, T., Yagi, Y., & Ip, Y. T. (2004) · Journal of Endotoxin Research · doi:10.1179/096805104225004897 · Cited by 39
Tissue communication in a systemic immune response ofDrosophila
Yang, H., & Hultmark, D. (2016) · Fly · doi:10.1080/19336934.2016.1182269 · Cited by 40
Pinheiro, V. B., & Ellar, D. J. (2006) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00693.x · Cited by 38
Characteristics common to a cytokine family spanning five orders of insects
Matsumoto, H., Tsuzuki, S., Date-Ito, A., Ohnishi, A., & Hayakawa, Y. (2012) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.03.001 · Cited by 37
Kou, X., Qi, K., Qiao, X., Yin, H., Liu, X., Zhang, S., & Wu, J. (2017) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.05.003 · Cited by 37
Moure, U. A. E., Tan, T., Sha, L., Lu, X., Shao, Z., Yang, G., Wang, Y., & Cui, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.856457 · Cited by 36
Immunopathology and immune homeostasis during viral infection in insects
González‐González, A., & Wayne, M. L. (2020) · Advances in virus research · doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.001 · Cited by 35
Matsushima, N., Miyashita, H., Enkhbayar, P., & Kretsinger, R. H. (2015) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom5031955 · Cited by 35
Park, S., Yong, H.-J., Park, K., Ko, H. J., Kim, C. E., Bae, Y., Kim, B., Jun, S.-A., Bang, I., Lee, Y. S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00310 · Cited by 32
Muhammad, A., Habineza, P., Wang, X., Xiao, R., Ji, T., Hou, Y., & Shi, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00846 · Cited by 35
Expression and regulation of Spätzle‐processing enzyme in Drosophila
Mulinari, S., Häcker, U., & Castillejo-López, C. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.009 · Cited by 35
Procházková, P., Roubalová, R., Škanta, F., Dvořák, J., Pacheco, N. I. N., Kolařík, M., & Bilej, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277 · Cited by 34
Mapalo, M., Arakawa, K., Baker, C. M., Persson, D. K., Mirano‐Bascos, D., & Giribet, G. (2020) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.119.400734 · Cited by 34
Toll-dependent and Toll-independent immune responses in Drosophila
Imler, J., Ferrandon, D., Royet, J., Reichhart, J., Hétru, C., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Endotoxin Research · doi:10.1177/09680519040100040701 · Cited by 34
Self-citationThe first pacifastin elastase inhibitor characterized from a blood sucking animal
de Marco, R., Lovato, D. V., Torquato, R. J. S., Clara, R. O., Buarque, D. S., & Tanaka, A. S. (2010) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.033 · Cited by 33
Virus-host protein-protein interactions as molecular drug targets for arboviral infections
Bhutkar, M., Singh, V., Dhaka, P., & Tomar, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Virology · doi:10.3389/fviro.2022.959586 · Cited by 32
Kindrachuk, J., Potter, J. E., Brownlie, R. M., Ficzycz, A., Griebel, P. J., Mookherjee, N., Mutwiri, G., Babiuk, L. A., & Napper, S. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m608089200 · Cited by 33
Pattern recognition receptors in annelids
Procházková, P., Roubalová, R., Dvořák, J., Pacheco, N. I. N., & Bilej, M. (2019) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.103493 · Cited by 33
Edosa, T. T., Jo, Y. H., Keshavarz, M., Bae, Y. M., Kim, D. H., Lee, Y. S., & Han, Y. S. (2020) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects11020105 · Cited by 33
Evolution of Toll, Spatzle and MyD88 in insects: the problem of the Diptera bias
Lima, L. F., Torres, A. Q., Jardim, R., Mesquita, R. D., & Schama, R. (2021) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07886-7 · Cited by 32
Zhou, S., Yuan, X.-M., Liu, S., Li, M., Tao, Z., & Wang, G. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.027 · Cited by 32
Chen, L.-Y., Wang, J.-C., Hyvert, Y., Lin, H.-P., Perrimon, N., Imler, J., & Hsu, J. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.050 · Cited by 38
Self-citationLiu, H., Xu, J., Wang, L., Guo, P., Tang, Z., Sun, X., Tang, X., Wang, W., Wang, L., Cao, Y., et al. (2023) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011740 · Cited by 31
Andere, A. A., Platt, R. N., Ray, D. A., & Picard, C. J. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3187-z · Cited by 31
Sánchez‐Paz, A., & Muhlia‐Almazán, A. (2020) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12411 · Cited by 31
Intestinal epithelial barrier and mucosal immunity
Alexopoulou, L., & Kontoyiannis, D. L. (2005) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5039-x · Cited by 31
Is innate enough? The innate immune response in Drosophila.
Irving, P., Troxler, L., & Hétru, C. (2004) · Comptes rendus. Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2004.03.007 · Cited by 33
Guo, R., Chen, D., Diao, Q., Xiong, C., Zheng, Y., & Hou, C. (2019) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.107210 · Cited by 29
Virulence of the Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Is Controlled by the CRISPR-Cas Protein Cas3
Solbiati, J., Duran-Pinedo, A. E., Rocha, F. G., Gibson, F. C., & Frias‐Lopez, J. (2020) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00852-20 · Cited by 31
Sialotranscriptomics of the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata along the trophogonic cycle
Oleaga, A., Soriano, B., Lloréns, C., & Pérez–Sánchez, R. (2021) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009105 · Cited by 29
Alcohol resistance in Drosophila is modulated by the Toll innate immune pathway
Troutwine, B., Ghezzi, A., Pietrzykowski, A. Z., & Atkinson, N. S. (2016) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12288 · Cited by 29
Chen, D., Guo, R., Xu, X., Xiong, C., Liang, Q., Zheng, Y., Luo, Q., Zhang, Z., Huang, Z., Kumar, D., et al. (2017) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.022 · Cited by 25
Toll immune signal activates cellular immune response via eicosanoids
Shafeeq, T., Ahmed, S., & Kim, Y. (2018) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2018.03.015 · Cited by 29
Current Status of Immune Deficiency Pathway in Tenebrio molitor Innate Immunity
Jang, H., Kojour, M. A. M., Patnaik, B., Han, Y.-O.-S., & Yong, H.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.906192 · Cited by 26
Cellular responses in crustaceans under white spot syndrome virus infection
Tran, N. T., Liang, H., Li, J., Deng, T., Bakky, M. A. H., Zhang, M., & Li, S. (2023) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108984 · Cited by 28
Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
Ratcliffe, N. A., Neto, C. B. D. M., Castro, H. C., Dyson, P. J., & Figueiredo, M. B. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12030568 · Cited by 28
Immune challenge induces N-terminal cleavage of the Drosophila serpin Necrotic
Pelte, N., Robertson, A. S., Zou, Z., Belorgey, D., Dafforn, T. R., Jiang, H., Lomas, D. A., Reichhart, J., & Gubb, D. (2005) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.10.004 · Cited by 28
Zhou, H., Ni, J., Wu, S., Ma, F., Jin, P., & Li, S. (2021) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2021.104183 · Cited by 27
TLR5 takes aim at bacterial propeller
Reichhart, J. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1203-1159 · Cited by 27
Liu, J., Κολλιοπούλου, Ά., Smagghe, G. J., & Swevers, L. (2014) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.05.008 · Cited by 26
Characterization of Spz5 as a novel ligand for Drosophila Toll-1 receptor.
Nonaka, S., Kawamura, K., Hori, A., Salim, E., Fukushima, K., Nakanishi, Y., & Kuraishi, T. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.096 · Cited by 23
Novel cGMP Signaling Pathway that Modulates NF-κB Activation in Innate Immune Responses
Kanoh, H., Iwashita, S., Kuraishi, T., Goto, A., Fuse, N., Ueno, H., Nimura, M., Oyama, T., Tang, C., Watanabe, R., et al. (2019) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103473 · Cited by 26
Shields, A. R., Amcheslavsky, A., Brown, E., Lee, T. V., Nie, Y., Tanji, T., Ip, Y. T., & Bergmann, A. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110817 · Cited by 26
Kanoh, H., Tong, L.-L., Kuraishi, T., Suda, Y., Momiuchi, Y., Shishido, F., & Kurata, S. (2015) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2005971 · Cited by 26
Li, R., Yao, X., Zhou, H., Jin, P., & Ma, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020886 · Cited by 25
Structure of Toll-Like Receptors
Gay, N. J., & Gangloff, M. (2007) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_9 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSpodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae
Huot, L., George, S., Girard, P.-A., Séverac, D., Negre, N. N., & Duvic, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49410-8 · Cited by 25
Characterization of PmSpӓtzle 1 from the black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon
Boonrawd, S., Mani, R., Ponprateep, S., Supungul, P., Masrinoul, P., Tassanakajon, A., & Rimphanitchayakit, V. (2017) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.005 · Cited by 24
Drosophila Toll Pathway: The New Model
Ashok, Y. (2009) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.252jc1 · Cited by 24
Muñoz-Gómez, A., Corredor, M., Benítez‐Páez, A., & Peláez, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112179 · Cited by 23
Encinas-García, T., Mendoza-Cano, F., Porchas‐Cornejo, M. A., Peña‐Rodríguez, A., Enríquez-Espinoza, T. L., & Sánchez‐Paz, A. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.026 · Cited by 23
Structure and dynamics of Toll immunoreceptor activation in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Saucereau, Y., Wilson, T. H., Tang, M. C. K., Moncrieffe, M. C., Hardwick, S. W., Chirgadze, D. Y., Soares, S. G., Marcaida, M. J., Gay, N. J., & Gangloff, M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32690-6 · Cited by 20
Self-citationComparative analysis of the Monochamus alternatus immune system
Zhou, J., Yu, H., Zhang, W., Ahmad, F., Hu, S., Zhao, L., Zou, Z., & Sun, J. (2017) · Insect Science · doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12453 · Cited by 22
Macrophages in Invertebrates: From Insects and Crustaceans to Marine Bivalves
Abnave, P., Muracciole, X., & Ghigo, É. (2017) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_6 · Cited by 22
Cystine knot growth factors and their functionally versatile proregions
Schwarz, E. (2017) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0163 · Cited by 24
Zhou, S., Li, M., Yang, N., Liu, S., Yuan, X.-M., Tao, Z., & Wang, G. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.005 · Cited by 22
The antiviral role of NF-κB-mediated immune responses and their antagonism by viruses in insects
Cheung, L. Y., Park, S., Pagtalunan, J., & Maringer, K. (2022) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001741 · Cited by 21
Petronio, G. P., Pietrangelo, L., Cutuli, M. A., Magnifico, I., Venditti, N., Guarnieri, A., Atenafu, G., Yewhalaw, D., Davinelli, S., & Marco, R. D. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101983 · Cited by 25
Pike, A., Vadlamani, A., Sandiford, S. L., Gacita, A. M., & Dimopoulos, G. (2014) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.06.005 · Cited by 21
Ulian-Benitez, S., Bishop, S., Földi, I., Wentzell, J. S., Okenwa, C., Forero, M. G., Zhu, B., Moreira, M., Phizacklea, M., McIlroy, G., et al. (2017) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006968 · Cited by 21
Self-citationBahuguna, S., Atilano, M. L., Glittenberg, M. T., Lee, D., Arora, S., Wang, L., Zhou, J., Redhai, S., Boutros, M., & Ligoxygakis, P. (2022) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009992 · Cited by 20
CopE and TLR6 RNAi-mediated tomato resistance to western flower thrips
Venkatesh, J., Kim, S. J., Siddique, M. I., Kim, J. H., Lee, S. H., & Kang, B. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.12.009 · Cited by 20
Evolutionary immunology to explore original antiviral strategies
Imler, J., Cai, H., Meignin, C., & Martins, N. E. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0068 · Cited by 20
Self-citationKim, C., Park, J.-W., Ha, N., Kang, H. J., & Lee, B. (2008) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.2.093 · Cited by 20
Wang, L., Sloan, M. A., & Ligoxygakis, P. (2019) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007931 · Cited by 20
Zhou, S., Zhao, J.-J., Tao, Z., Jin, S., Wang, C., Zhou, Q., & Yin, F. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.036 · Cited by 20
Specificity and signaling in the Drosophila immune response.
Silverman, N. S., Paquette, N., & Aggarwal, K. (2009) · Invertebrate survival journal · Cited by 20
Drosophila caspases as guardians of host-microbe interactions
Kietz, C., & Meinander, A. (2022) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-022-01038-4 · Cited by 22
Genetics of Immune Recognition and Response in Drosophila host defense
Ligoxygakis, P. (2013) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407675-4.00002-x · Cited by 19
Recognition and elimination of diversified pathogens in insect defense systems
Kurata, S. (2006) · Molecular Diversity · doi:10.1007/s11030-006-9032-6 · Cited by 19
Sterile induction of innate immunity in i Drosophila melanogaster i
Kuraishi, T. (2019) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/4786 · Cited by 19
Pan, X., Li, T., Yang, C., Ren, Q., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.042 · Cited by 19
Gene family expansions in Antarctic winged midge as a strategy for adaptation to cold environments
Kim, H., Kim, H., Lee, J. H., Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, S., & Shin, S. C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23268-9 · Cited by 18
Niu, S., Zhu, Y., Geng, R., Chen, N., Luo, M., Zuo, H., Yang, L., Weng, S., He, J., & Xu, X. (2023) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739396 · Cited by 19
Dynamics of Spaetzle morphogen shuttling in the Drosophila embryo shapes gastrulation patterning
Rahimi, N., Averbukh, I., Carmon, S., Schejter, E., Barkai, N., & Shilo, B. (2019) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.181487 · Cited by 16
Bae, Y. M., Jo, Y. H., Patnaik, B. B., Kim, B. B., Park, K. B., Edosa, T. T., Keshavarz, M., Kojour, M. A. M., Lee, Y. S., & Han, Y. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.758859 · Cited by 18
Kim, Y., Brinkmann, M. M., & Ploegh, H. L. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0707-675 · Cited by 18
Hoffmann, A., Neumann, P., Schierhorn, A., & Stubbs, M. T. (2008) · Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications · doi:10.1107/s1744309108018812 · Cited by 18
WntD and Diedel: Two immunomodulatory cytokines inDrosophilaimmunity
Lamiable, O., Meignin, C., & Imler, J. (2016) · Fly · doi:10.1080/19336934.2016.1202387 · Cited by 19
Self-citationAntimicrobial peptides for anticancer and antiviral therapy: last promising update
Bahar, A., Porbaran, M., Khazaei, M., & Tahmasebi, H. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-03855-8 · Cited by 20
Aedes aegypti Toll pathway is induced through dsRNA sensing in endosomes
Angleró-Rodríguez, Y., Tikhe, C. V., Kang, S., & Dimopoulos, G. (2021) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2021.104138 · Cited by 17
Jang, H. A., Park, K. B., Kim, B. B., Kojour, M. A. M., Bae, Y. M., Baliarsingh, S., Lee, Y. S., Han, Y. S., & Jo, Y. H. (2020) · Entomological Research · doi:10.1111/1748-5967.12468 · Cited by 17
The antiviral immunity of ticks against transmitted viral pathogens
Talactac, M. R., Hernandez, E. P., Hatta, T., Yoshii, K., Kusakisako, K., Tsuji, N., & Tanaka, T. (2021) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2021.104012 · Cited by 17
Antifungal defense in drosophila
Hoffmann, J. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0607-543 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPark, J., & Kim, Y. (2012) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.11.005 · Cited by 17
Fly Immunity: Recognition of Pathogens and Induction of Immune Responses
Kurata, S. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_11 · Cited by 17
Zhang, J., Tang, T. F., Zhang, R., Wen, L., Deng, X., Xu, X., Yang, W., Jin, F., Cao, Y., Lu, Y., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108795 · Cited by 17
Kanoh, H., Kuraishi, T., Tong, L.-L., Watanabe, R., Nagata, S., & Kurata, S. (2015) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.138 · Cited by 16
Functional Multiplicity of an Insect Cytokine Family Assists Defense Against Environmental Stress
Shears, S. B., & Hayakawa, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00222 · Cited by 16
Kojour, M. A. M., Edosa, T. T., Jang, H., Keshavarz, M., Yong, H.-J., & Han, Y.-O.-S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475 · Cited by 18
Mangold, C. A., & Hughes, D. P. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12040465 · Cited by 15
Signaling pathways in invertebrate immune and stress response
Hatanaka, R., Sekine, Y., Hayakawa, T., Takeda, K., & Ichijo, H. (2009) · Invertebrate survival journal · Cited by 15
Sakakibara, Y., Yamashiro, R., Chikamatsu, S., Hirota, Y., Tsubokawa, Y., Nishijima, R., Takei, K., Sekiya, M., & Iijima, K. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.105968 · Cited by 14
Beyond Host Defense: Deregulation of Drosophila Immunity and Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration
Arora, S., & Ligoxygakis, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01574 · Cited by 14
Analysis of Thisbe and Pyramus functional domains reveals evidence for cleavage of Drosophila FGFs
Tulin, S., & Stathopoulos, A. (2010) · BMC Developmental Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-213x-10-83 · Cited by 14
Kato, D., Miura, K., & Yokoi, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021523 · Cited by 13
Anticancer agents found in environment affect Daphnia at population, individual and molecular levels
Grzesiuk, M., Bednarska, A., Mielecki, D., Garbicz, D., Marcinkowski, M., Pilżys, T., Malinowska, A., Świderska, B., & Grzesiuk, E. (2019) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105288 · Cited by 13
Chang, T.-H., Gloria, Y. C., Hellmann, M. J., Richardo, T., Greve, C. L., Roy, D. L., Roger, T., Bork, F., Bugl, S., Jakob, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1497174 · Cited by 14
Self-citationGangloff, M., Arnot, C. J., Lewis, M. C., & Gay, N. J. (2012) · Structure · doi:10.1016/j.str.2012.11.003 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Weber, A. N. R., Tauszig-Delamasure, S., Hoffmann, J. A., Lelièvre, E., Gascan, H., Ray, K. P., Morse, M. A., Imler, J.-L., & Gay, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Imler, Jean-Luc
- Gay, Nicholas J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2003-07-20
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 794-800
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W2032056947
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5P01AI44220-02, P01AI044220)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- Spätzle, Toll receptor, Drosophila innate immunity, Toll pathway, cytokine receptor binding, receptor activation, hemolymph injection, Drosophila embryogenesis, innate immune defense
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drosophila, Protein Binding, Receptors, Cell Surface, Signal Transduction, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Insect Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review