A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The Drosophila Toll-Dorsal Pathway
Abstract
▪ Abstract The Toll-Dorsal pathway in Drosophila and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-NF-κB pathway in mammals are homologous signal transduction pathways that mediate several different biological responses. In Drosophila, genetic analysis of dorsal-ventral patterning of the embryo has defined the series of genes that mediate the Toll-Dorsal pathway. Binding of extracellular ligand activates the transmembrane receptor Toll, which requires the novel protein Tube to activate the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase Pelle. Pelle activity controls the degradation of the Cactus protein, which is present in a cytoplasmic complex with the Dorsal protein. Once Cactus is degraded in response to signal, Dorsal is free to move into the nucleus where it regulates transcription of specific target genes. The Toll, tube, pelle, cactus, and dorsal genes also appear to be involved in Drosophila immune response. Because the IL-1R-NF-κB pathway plays a role in vertebrate innate immunity and because plant homologues of the Toll-Dorsal pathway are important in plant disease resistance, it is likely that this pathway arose before the divergence of plants and animals as a defense against pathogens.
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With the exception of Weckle, this intracellular signaling module is well conserved in vertebrates, in which the homologs are involved in regulation of the immune response.
“With the exception of Weckle, this intracellular signaling module is well conserved in vertebrates in which the homologs are involved in regulation of the immune response”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Belvin and Anderson 1996
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“…of a variety of organisms as well as in Drosophila development has been discussed extensively (see for example Hultmark, 1993; Wasserman, 1993; Belvin and Anderson, 1996) and testifies to the efficiency of the IL1R–Rel pathway in effecting rapid and specific changes in transcriptional…”
BackgroundHost defence peptides from invertebrates--emerging antimicrobial strategies.
Hancock, R., Brown, K. L., & Mookherjee, N. (2006) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2005.10.017 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
“…transduction pathway resulting in phosphorylation of an IkB-like inhibitor Cactus causing it to dissociate from the NFkB-like transcription factor DIF, which in turn translocates to the nucleus and activates numerous antimicrobial genes (Belvin and Anderson, 1996; Hoffmann and Reichhart, 2002).”
BackgroundPatterns of Gene Expression During Drosophila Mesoderm Development
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“In addition to a well-described role in immunity (Hoffmann, 2003), Toll, which is the Drosophila melanogaster orthologue of the TLRs, plays crucial roles in establishing the dorsoventral axis polarity during embryogenesis (Belvin and Anderson, 1996), in synaptogenesis, and in axon pathfi nding (Rose et al.”
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- Authors
- Belvin, M. P., & Anderson, K. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 393-416
- ISSN
- 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8995
- OpenAlex
- W2098336582
- Cited by
- 836
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- Drosophila, Toll receptor, tubes, dorsoventral patterning, embryonic patterning, innate immunity, interleukin-1 receptor, NF-κB, evolution of signaling pathways, plant disease resistance, conserved signaling pathways
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drosophila, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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