Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration
Abstract
DNA containing unmethylated cytidyl guanosyl (CpG) sequences, which are underrepresented in mammalian genomes but prevalent in prokaryotes, is endocytosed by cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and activates a pathway involving Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9). CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) are potent stimulators of innate immunity, and are currently being tested as adjuvants of antimicrobial, antiallergic, anticancer and antiprion immunotherapy. Little is known, however, about the consequences of repeated CpG-ODN administration, which is advocated for some of these applications. Here we report that daily injection of 60 microg CpG-ODN dramatically alters the morphology and functionality of mouse lymphoid organs. By day 7, lymphoid follicles were poorly defined; follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and germinal center B lymphocytes were suppressed. Accordingly, CpG-ODN treatment for > or =7 d strongly reduced primary humoral immune responses and immunoglobulin class switching. By day 20, mice developed multifocal liver necrosis and hemorrhagic ascites. All untoward effects were strictly dependent on CpG and TLR9, as neither the CpG-ODN treatment of Tlr9(-/-) mice nor the repetitive challenge of wild-type mice with nonstimulatory ODN (AT-ODN) or with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (polyI:C) were immunotoxic or hepatotoxic.
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TLR9 agonism is unique in producing this MAS-like syndrome.
“Both our own data with other TLR ligands and previous reports (11) suggest that TLR9 agonism is unique in producing this MASlike syndrome.”
From Repeated TLR9 stimulation results in macrophage activation syndrome–like disease in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
A previous report identified systemic toxicity with repeated TLR9 stimulation with CpG DNA.
“A previous report identified systemic toxicity with repeated TLR9 stimulation with CpG DNA (11).”
From Repeated TLR9 stimulation results in macrophage activation syndrome–like disease in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Heikenwalder, M., Polymenidou, M., Junt, T., Sigurdson, C., Wagner, H., Akira, S., Zinkernagel, R., & Aguzzi, A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Aguzzi, Adriano
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2004-01-25
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187-192
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- OpenAlex
- W2022581009
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 16.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office Fédéral de l'Education et de la Science
- National Institutes of Health
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K08AI001802)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Keywords
- CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, TLR9, immunosuppression, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, follicular dendritic cells, germinal center B cells, humoral immune response, class switch recombination, adjuvants, TLR9 knockout mice, poly(I:C)
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, DNA-Binding Proteins, Immunoglobulins, Immunosuppression Therapy, Lymphoid Tissue, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Organ Size, Prions, Receptors, Cell Surface, T-Lymphocytes, Antigens, CD, Cytokines, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Mice, Knockout, CpG Islands, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Mice
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