Cited by 449Immune Response and InflammationImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmunotoxicology and immune responses

Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunosuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration

Heikenwalder, Mathias, Polymenidou, Magdalini, Junt, Tobias, Sigurdson, Christina, Wagner, Hermann, Akira, Shizuo, Zinkernagel, Rolf, Aguzzi, Adriano·2004·Nature Medicine

Abstract

DNA containing unmethylated cytidyl guanosyl (CpG) sequences, which are underrepresented in mammalian genomes but prevalent in prokaryotes, is endocytosed by cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and activates a pathway involving Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9). CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) are potent stimulators of innate immunity, and are currently being tested as adjuvants of antimicrobial, antiallergic, anticancer and antiprion immunotherapy. Little is known, however, about the consequences of repeated CpG-ODN administration, which is advocated for some of these applications. Here we report that daily injection of 60 microg CpG-ODN dramatically alters the morphology and functionality of mouse lymphoid organs. By day 7, lymphoid follicles were poorly defined; follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and germinal center B lymphocytes were suppressed. Accordingly, CpG-ODN treatment for > or =7 d strongly reduced primary humoral immune responses and immunoglobulin class switching. By day 20, mice developed multifocal liver necrosis and hemorrhagic ascites. All untoward effects were strictly dependent on CpG and TLR9, as neither the CpG-ODN treatment of Tlr9(-/-) mice nor the repetitive challenge of wild-type mice with nonstimulatory ODN (AT-ODN) or with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (polyI:C) were immunotoxic or hepatotoxic.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nm987

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Authors
Heikenwalder, M., Polymenidou, M., Junt, T., Sigurdson, C., Wagner, H., Akira, S., Zinkernagel, R., & Aguzzi, A.
Affiliations
  • University Hospital Zurich (CH)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
  • The University of Osaka (JP)
Corresponding author
Aguzzi, Adriano
Venue
Nature Medicine
Published
2004-01-25
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
187-192
ISSN
  • 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-170X
OpenAlex
W2022581009
Cited by
449
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 20
FWCI
16.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Office Fédéral de l'Education et de la Science
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K08AI001802)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Keywords
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, TLR9, immunosuppression, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, follicular dendritic cells, germinal center B cells, humoral immune response, class switch recombination, adjuvants, TLR9 knockout mice, poly(I:C)
MeSH terms
Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, DNA-Binding Proteins, Immunoglobulins, Immunosuppression Therapy, Lymphoid Tissue, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Organ Size, Prions, Receptors, Cell Surface, T-Lymphocytes, Antigens, CD, Cytokines, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Mice, Knockout, CpG Islands, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Mice

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