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Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids
Open accessAbstract
To progress from the laboratory to commercial applications, it will be necessary to develop industrially scalable methods to produce large quantities of defect-free graphene. Here we show that high-shear mixing of graphite in suitable stabilizing liquids results in large-scale exfoliation to give dispersions of graphene nanosheets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy show the exfoliated flakes to be unoxidized and free of basal-plane defects. We have developed a simple model that shows exfoliation to occur once the local shear rate exceeds 10(4) s(-1). By fully characterizing the scaling behaviour of the graphene production rate, we show that exfoliation can be achieved in liquid volumes from hundreds of millilitres up to hundreds of litres and beyond. The graphene produced by this method performs well in applications from composites to conductive coatings. This method can be applied to exfoliate BN, MoS2 and a range of other layered crystals.
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Cites
The chemistry of graphene oxide
Dreyer, D. R., Park, S., Bielawski, C. W., & Ruoff, R. S. (2010) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/b917103g · Cited by 11,653
Graphene–Multilayer Graphene Nanocomposites as Highly Efficient Thermal Interface Materials
Shahil, K. M. F., & Balandin, A. A. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl203906r · Cited by 1,467
Cited by
Lv, R., Robinson, J. A., Schaak, R. E., Sun, D., Sun, Y., Mallouk, T. E., & Terrones, M. (2015) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar5002846 · Cited by 1,380
Hou, Y., Lohe, M. R., Zhang, J., Liu, S., Zhuang, X., & Feng, X. (2016) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee03440j · Cited by 824
Sensitive, High-Strain, High-Rate Bodily Motion Sensors Based on Graphene–Rubber Composites
Boland, C. S., Khan, U., Backes, C., O’Neill, A., McCauley, J., Duane, S., Shanker, R., Liu, Y., Jurewicz, I., Dalton, A. B., et al. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn503454h · Cited by 793
Self-citationTarcan, R., Todor-Boer, O., Petrovai, I., Leordean, C., Astilean, S., & Botiz, I. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c9tc04916a · Cited by 723
Interface-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials: Trend and Challenges
Dong, R., Zhang, T., & Feng, X. (2018) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00056 · Cited by 710
Metadata
- Authors
- Paton, K. R., Varrla, E., Backes, C., Smith, R. J., Khan, U., O’Neill, A., Boland, C., Lotya, M., Istrate, O. M., King, P., Higgins, T., Barwich, S., May, P., Puczkarski, P., Ahmed, I., Moebius, M., Pettersson, H., Long, E., Coelho, J., O’Brien, S. E., McGuire, E. K., Sanchez, B. M., Duesberg, G. S., McEvoy, N., Pennycook, T. J., Downing, C., Crossley, A., Nicolosi, V., & Coleman, J. N.
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2014-04-20
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 624-630
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W2101353938
- Cited by
- 2,401
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 98.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Paton, K. R., Varrla, E., Backes, C., Smith, R. J., Khan, U., O’Neill, A., Boland, C., Lotya, M., Istrate, O. M., King, P., Higgins, T., Barwich, S., May, P., Puczkarski, P., Ahmed, I., Moebius, M., Pettersson, H., Long, E., Coelho, J., . . . Coleman, J. N. (2014). Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids. Nature Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3944
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
