Cited by 615Action Observation and SynchronizationTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesPain Management and Treatment

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain.

Avenanti, Alessio, Bueti, Domenica, Galati, Gaspare, Aglioti, Salvatore M·2005·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn1481

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Abstract

Pain is intimately linked with action systems that are involved in observational learning and imitation. Motor responses to one's own pain allow freezing or escape reactions and ultimately survival. Here we show that similar motor responses occur as a result of observation of painful events in others. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to record changes in corticospinal motor representations of hand muscles of individuals observing needles penetrating hands or feet of a human model or noncorporeal objects. We found a reduction in amplitude of motor-evoked potentials that was specific to the muscle that subjects observed being pricked. This inhibition correlated with the observer's subjective rating of the sensory qualities of the pain attributed to the model and with sensory, but not emotional, state or trait empathy measures. The empathic inference about the sensory qualities of others' pain and their automatic embodiment in the observer's motor system may be crucial for the social learning of reactions to pain.

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Authors: Avenanti, A., Bueti, D., Galati, G., & Aglioti, S. M.
Affiliations: Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
Corresponding author: Aglioti, Salvatore M
ORCID: Avenanti, Alessio
Bueti, Domenica
Galati, Gaspare
Aglioti, Salvatore M
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-06-05
Volume: 8
Issue: 7
Pages: 955-960
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn1481
OpenAlex: W2160683905
Cited by: 615
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 41.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
SDL (submittedVersion)
IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: empathy for pain, mirror neuron system, motor evoked potentials, corticospinal excitability, embodiment, social learning, imitation, transcranial magnetic stimulation
MeSH terms: Adult, Electric Stimulation, Empathy, Foot, Hand, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Pain, Pyramidal Tracts, Somatosensory Cortex, Muscle, Skeletal, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain.

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