The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures
Open accessAbstract
Recent demonstrations of magnetization switching induced by in-plane current injection in heavy metal/ferromagnetic heterostructures have drawn increasing attention to spin torques based on orbital-to-spin momentum transfer. The symmetry, magnitude and origin of spin-orbit torques (SOTs), however, remain a matter of debate. Here we report on the three-dimensional vector measurement of SOTs in AlOx/Co/Pt and MgO/CoFeB/Ta trilayers using harmonic analysis of the anomalous and planar Hall effects. We provide a general scheme to measure the amplitude and direction of SOTs as a function of the magnetization direction. Based on space and time inversion symmetry arguments, we demonstrate that heavy metal/ferromagnetic layers allow for two different SOTs having odd and even behaviour with respect to magnetization reversal. Such torques include strongly anisotropic field-like and spin transfer-like components, which depend on the type of heavy metal layer and annealing treatment. These results call for SOT models that go beyond the spin Hall and Rashba effects investigated thus far.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque in an antiferromagnet–ferromagnet bilayer system
Fukami, S., Zhang, C., DuttaGupta, S., Kurenkov, A., & Ohno, H. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4566 · Cited by 960
Fan, Y., Upadhyaya, P., Kou, X., Lang, M., Takei, S., Wang, Z., Tang, J., He, L., Chang, L.-T., Montazeri, M., et al. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3973 · Cited by 957
Control of spin–orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers
MacNeill, D., Stiehl, G. M., Guimaraes, M. H. D., Buhrman, R. A., Park, J., & Ralph, D. C. (2017) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3933 · Cited by 803
Yang, S.-H., Naaman, R., Paltiel, Y., & Parkin, S. S. P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00302-9 · Cited by 553
Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets
Železný, J., Gao, H., Výborný, K., Zemen, J., Mašek, J., Manchon, A., Wunderlich, J., Sinova, J., & Jungwirth, T. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.157201 · Cited by 517
Metadata
- Authors
- Garello, K., Miron, I. M., Avci, C. O., Freimuth, F., Mokrousov, Y., Blügel, S., Auffret, S., Boulle, O., Gaudin, G., & Gambardella, P.
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2013-07-28
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 587-593
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- OpenAlex
- W1965534358
- Cited by
- 1,225
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 41.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nnano.2013.145
- The paper
- Garello, K., Miron, I. M., Avci, C. O., Freimuth, F., Mokrousov, Y., Blügel, S., Auffret, S., Boulle, O., Gaudin, G., & Gambardella, P. (2013). Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Nature Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.145
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
