The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Universal computing by DNA origami robots in a living animal
Open accessAbstract
Biological systems are collections of discrete molecular objects that move around and collide with each other. Cells carry out elaborate processes by precisely controlling these collisions, but developing artificial machines that can interface with and control such interactions remains a significant challenge. DNA is a natural substrate for computing and has been used to implement a diverse set of mathematical problems1-3, logic circuits4-6 and robotics7-9. The molecule also naturally interfaces with living systems, and different forms of DNA-based biocomputing have previously been demonstrated10-13. Here we show that DNA origami14-16 can be used to fabricate nanoscale robots that are capable of dynamically interacting with each other17-18 in a living animal. The interactions generate logical outputs, which are relayed to switch molecular payloads on or off. As a proof-of-principle, we use the system to create architectures that emulate various logic gates (AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOT, CNOT, and a half adder). Following an ex vivo prototyping phase, we successfully employed the DNA origami robots in living cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis) to control a molecule that targets the cells of the animal.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns
Rothemund, P. W. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04586 · Cited by 7,354
Molecular Computation of Solutions to Combinatorial Problems
Adleman, L. M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7973651 · Cited by 4,474
Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes
Douglas, S. M., Dietz, H., Liedl, T., Högberg, B., Graf, F., & Shih, W. M. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08016 · Cited by 2,571
A Logic-Gated Nanorobot for Targeted Transport of Molecular Payloads
Douglas, S. M., Bachelet, I., & Church, G. M. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214081 · Cited by 2,180
Self-citationDynamic DNA nanotechnology using strand-displacement reactions
Zhang, D. Y., & Seelig, G. (2011) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.957 · Cited by 1,785
Thermodynamic Fluctuations in a Reacting System—Measurement by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Magde, D., Elson, E., & Webb, W. W. (1972) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.29.705 · Cited by 1,753
Self-assembly of a nanoscale DNA box with a controllable lid
Andersen, E. S., Dong, M., Nielsen, M. M., Jahn, K., Subramani, R., Mamdouh, W., Golas, M. M., Sander, B., Stark, H., Oliveira, C. L. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07971 · Cited by 1,627
Enzyme-Free Nucleic Acid Logic Circuits
Seelig, G., Soloveichik, D., Zhang, D. Y., & Winfree, E. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132493 · Cited by 1,540
Control of DNA Strand Displacement Kinetics Using Toehold Exchange
Zhang, D. Y., & Winfree, E. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja906987s · Cited by 1,444
Rapid prototyping of 3D DNA-origami shapes with caDNAno
Douglas, S. M., Marblestone, A. H., Teerapittayanon, S., Vazquez, A., Church, G. M., & Shih, W. M. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp436 · Cited by 1,224
Cited by
DNA nanotechnology from the test tube to the cell
Chen, Y.-J., Groves, B., Muscat, R. A., & Seelig, G. (2015) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.195 · Cited by 594
Photo- and Redox-Driven Artificial Molecular Motors
Baroncini, M., Silvi, S., & Credi, A. (2020) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00291 · Cited by 538
Supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics
Zhou, J., Rao, L., Yu, G., Cook, T. R., Chen, X., & Huang, F. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00011f · Cited by 411
Precise nanomedicine for intelligent therapy of cancer
Chen, H., Gu, Z., An, H., Chen, C., Chen, J., Cui, R., Chen, S., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, X., et al. (2018) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-018-9397-5 · Cited by 409
Upconversion Luminescence-Activated DNA Nanodevice for ATP Sensing in Living Cells
Zhao, J., Gao, J., Xue, W., Di, Z., Xing, H., Lu, Y., & Li, L. (2018) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b11161 · Cited by 361
Metadata
- Authors
- Amir, Y., Ben-Ishay, E., Levner, D., Ittah, S., Abu-Horowitz, A., & Bachelet, I.
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2014-04-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 353-357
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- OpenAlex
- W2165354120
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Universal computing by DNA origami robots in a living animal. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nnano.2014.58
- The paper
- Amir, Y., Ben-Ishay, E., Levner, D., Ittah, S., Abu-Horowitz, A., & Bachelet, I. (2014). Universal computing by DNA origami robots in a living animal. Nature Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.58
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.