First direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite
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Non-relativistic electrons in graphene monolayer obey the massless relativistic dispersion known as the Dirac cone, leading to realization of analogies to Zitterbewegung and Klein tunneling in low-energy condensed-matter physics and atom optics.
“Recently, the non-relativistic electrons in graphene monolayer were found to obey the massless relativistic dispersion known as the Dirac cone, leading to the realization of analogies to Zitterbewegung and Klein tunneling in low-energy condensed-matter physics and atom optics 4 -19 .”
From Observation of interaction-induced phenomena of relativistic quantum mechanics (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere are two distinct transition mechanisms for pair production: the Schwinger mechanism induced by an ultrastrong static electric field, and dynamic pair creation induced by time-varying electric fields.
“There are basically two distinct transition mechanisms: the Schwinger mechanism, induced by an ultrastrong static electric field, and dynamic pair creation, induced by time-varying electric fields.”
From Classical simulation of relativistic quantum mechanics in periodic optical structures (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
The Abstract passages discuss Dirac fermions and electronic dispersion in graphite, not pair production. Searches for the Schwinger mechanism and for dynamic pair creation in time-varying electric fields found no passage addressing either proposed mechanism; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Schwinger mechanism is basically a tunneling process through a classically forbidden region, bearing a close connection to Klein tunneling.
“The Schwinger mechanism [54] is basically a tunneling process through a classically forbidden region, bearing a close connection to Klein tunneling discussed in the previous section.”
From Classical simulation of relativistic quantum mechanics in periodic optical structures (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
The paper’s Abstract reports an experimental observation of Dirac fermions in graphite, not an account of the Schwinger mechanism. Searches for tunneling through a classically forbidden region and its connection to Klein tunneling found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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- Authors
- Zhou, S. Y., Gweon, G.-H., Graf, J., Fedorov, A. V., Spataru, C. D., Diehl, R. D., Kopelevich, Y., Lee, D.-H., Louie, S. G., & Lanzara, A.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Lanzara, A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Physics
- Published
- 2006-08-27
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 595-599
- ISSN
- 1745-2473 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2481
- OpenAlex
- W2072020654
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 30.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DEAC02-05CH11231, 0349361)
- U.S. Department of Energy (-AC02-05CH11231, Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, DEAC03-76SF00098, 05CH11231, No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, DE AC02 05CH11231, DE-AC02-)
- Office of Science (No. DE-AC02- 05-CH11231, DEAC03-76SF00098, DEAC02–05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Division of Materials Research
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02, Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, DE-AC02-05CH11231., No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231, AC02–05CH11231)
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (DEAC02-05CH11231)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (AC02‐05CH11231, DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231)
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DE-AC02, AC02-05CH11231, DE‐AC02‐05‐CH11231)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Keywords
- Dirac fermions, graphite, massless Dirac fermions, quasiparticles, electron pockets, linear dispersion, relativistic quantum field theory
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