The DOI matches its Crossref record; 177 of the 179 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An RNA toolbox for cancer immunotherapy
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology practice. However, current protein and cell therapy tools used in cancer immunotherapy are far from perfect, and there is room for improvement regarding their efficacy and safety. RNA-based structures have diverse functions, ranging from gene expression and gene regulation to pro-inflammatory effects and the ability to specifically bind different molecules. These functions make them versatile tools that may advance cancer vaccines and immunomodulation, surpassing existing approaches. These technologies should not be considered as competitors of current immunotherapies but as partners in synergistic combinations and as a clear opportunity to reach more efficient and personalized results. RNA and RNA derivatives can be exploited therapeutically as a platform to encode protein sequences, provide innate pro-inflammatory signals to the immune system (such as those denoting viral infection), control the expression of other RNAs (including key immunosuppressive factors) post-transcriptionally and conform structural scaffoldings binding proteins that control immune cells by modifying their function. Nascent RNA immunotherapeutics include RNA vaccines encoding cancer neoantigens, mRNAs encoding immunomodulatory factors, viral RNA analogues, interference RNAs and protein-binding RNA aptamers. These approaches are already in early clinical development with promising safety and efficacy results.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“RNA vaccines, for example, have exhibited encouraging results in both infection therapy and cancer immunotherapy.[6, 7, 11–15]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Citations
Cites
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155
Tuerk, C., & Gold, L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2200121 · Cited by 10,421
In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands
Ellington, A. D., & Szostak, J. W. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346818a0 · Cited by 9,845
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation
Takeuchi, O., & Akira, S. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022 · Cited by 8,895
Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs
Carthew, R. W., & Sontheimer, E. J. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.035 · Cited by 5,161
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243 · Cited by 4,667
N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability
Wang, X., Lu, Z., Gomez, A., Hon, G. C., Yue, Y., Han, D., Fu, Y., Parisien, M., Dai, Q., Jia, G., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12730 · Cited by 4,558
Pan, Q., Shai, O., Lee, L. J., Frey, B. J., & Blencowe, B. J. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.259 · Cited by 3,951
Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function
Quinn, J. J., & Chang, H. Y. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg.2015.10 · Cited by 3,700
Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells for Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
Grupp, S. A., Kalos, M., Barrett, D., Aplenc, R., Porter, D. L., Rheingold, S. R., Teachey, D. T., Chew, A., Hauck, B., Wright, J. F., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1215134 · Cited by 3,509
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with nanomedicine
Irvine, D. J., & Dane, E. L. (2020) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0269-6 · Cited by 908
Chemistry, structure and function of approved oligonucleotide therapeutics
Egli, M., & Manoharan, M. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad067 · Cited by 909
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Aspects
Montoto, S. S., Muraca, G., & Ruiz, M. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2020.587997 · Cited by 695
Genetic programming of macrophages to perform anti-tumor functions using targeted mRNA nanocarriers
Zhang, F., Parayath, N. N., Ene, C., Stephan, S. B., Koehne, A. L., Coon, M. E., Holland, E. C., & Stephan, M. T. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11911-5 · Cited by 527
mRNA as a Transformative Technology for Vaccine Development to Control Infectious Diseases
Maruggi, G., Zhang, C., Li, J., Ulmer, J. B., & Yu, D. (2019) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.020 · Cited by 507
Metadata
- Authors
- Pastor, F., Berraondo, P., Etxeberria, I., Frederick, J., Sahin, U., Gilboa, E., & Melero, I.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (ES)
- Navarre Institute of Health Research (ES)
- Moderna Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Melero, Ignacio
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
- Published
- 2018-09-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 751-767
- ISSN
- 1474-1776 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1784
- OpenAlex
- W2889813782
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 179
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, RNA vaccines, neoantigens, mRNA vaccines, RNA interference, RNA aptamers, immunomodulation, innate immune activation, post-transcriptional regulation, cancer vaccines, combination immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, RNA, Cancer Vaccines, RNA Interference, Immunomodulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
