The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 148 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex – linking immunity and metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The vagus nerve has an important role in regulation of metabolic homeostasis, and efferent vagus nerve-mediated cholinergic signalling controls immune function and proinflammatory responses via the inflammatory reflex. Dysregulation of metabolism and immune function in obesity are associated with chronic inflammation, a critical step in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cholinergic mechanisms within the inflammatory reflex have, in the past 2 years, been implicated in attenuating obesity-related inflammation and metabolic complications. This knowledge has led to the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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“The inflammation-sensing and inflammation-suppressing functions outlined above provide the principal components of the inflammatory reflex (71).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“The appearance of pathogenic organisms activates innate immune cells that release cytokines. These in turn activate sensory fibers that ascend in the vagus nerve to synapse in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Increased efferent signals in the vagus nerve suppress peripheral cytokine release through macrophage nicotinic receptors and the CAIP.”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“there are both speculative (Pavlov and Tracey, 2012) and well-established (Felten, 1999) links between the autonomic and immune systems which could provide a mechanism for these results.”
From Effectiveness of a Novel Qigong Meditative Movement Practice for Impaired Health in Flight Attendants Exposed to Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke (2017) · cites this paper as Pavlov and Tracey, 2012
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Citations
Cites
Inflammation and metabolic disorders
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05485 · Cited by 9,199
Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Chabo, C., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1491 · Cited by 6,638
Central nervous system control of food intake
Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, D., Seeley, R. J., & Baskin, D. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007534 · Cited by 6,451
Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27376 · Cited by 5,405
The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes
Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., & Lazar, M. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35053000 · Cited by 4,755
Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease
Ouchi, N., Parker, J. L., Lugus, J. J., & Walsh, K. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2921 · Cited by 4,625
Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin
Borovikova, L. V., Ivanova, S., Zhang, M., Yang, H., Botchkina, G. I., Watkins, L. R., Wang, H., Abumrad, N., Eaton, J. W., & Tracey, K. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35013070 · Cited by 4,211
Self-citationInflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity
Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322 · Cited by 3,754
Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease
Donath, M. Y., & Shoelson, S. E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2925 · Cited by 3,737
Tracey, K. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01321 · Cited by 3,728
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Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders
Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 · Cited by 1,189
“The inflammation-sensing and inflammation-suppressing functions outlined above provide the principal components of the inflammatory reflex (71).”
BackgroundAnxiety Disorders are Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis
Chalmers, J. A., Quintana, D. S., Abbott, M. J.-A., & Kemp, A. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080 · Cited by 1,067
“The mechanism underpinning the relationship between mental and physical health may, in part, relate to impairment in vagal nerve activity leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory processes (11, 12).”
BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus and Inflammation
Lontchi‐Yimagou, E., Sobngwi, E., Matsha, T. E., & Kengne, A. P. (2013) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0375-y · Cited by 832
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance of Neuro-immune Communication
Chavan, S. S., Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.008 · Cited by 678
Self-citationResolution of Inflammation: What Controls Its Onset?
Sugimoto, M. A., Sousa, L. P., Pinho, V., Perretti, M., & Teixeira, M. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00160 · Cited by 638
Metadata
- Authors
- Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pavlov, Valentin A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2012-11-21
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 743-754
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- PMC
- PMC4082307
- OpenAlex
- W1981020037
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM089807, R01GM057226)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- vagus nerve, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, obesity, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic homeostasis, immune activation, vagus nerve stimulation therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Reflex, Vagus Nerve, Signal Transduction, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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