Cited by 356Lipid metabolism and disordersLymphatic Disorders and TreatmentsLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Chylomicronaemia–current diagnosis and future therapies

Brahm, Amanda J., Hegele, Robert A.·2015·Nature Reviews Endocrinology

DOI 10.1038/nrendo.2015.26

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Abstract

This Review discusses new developments in understanding the basis of chylomicronaemia--a challenging metabolic disorder for which there is an unmet clinical need. Chylomicronaemia presents in two distinct primary forms. The first form is very rare monogenic early-onset chylomicronaemia, which presents in childhood or adolescence and is often caused by homozygous mutations in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL), its cofactors apolipoprotein C-II or apolipoprotein A-V, the LPL chaperone lipase maturation factor 1 or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1. The second form, polygenic late-onset chylomicronaemia, which is caused by an accumulation of several genetic variants, can be exacerbated by secondary factors, such as poor diet, obesity, alcohol intake and uncontrolled type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is more common than early-onset chylomicronaemia. Both forms of chylomicronaemia are associated with an increased risk of life-threatening pancreatitis; the polygenic form might also be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Treatment of chylomicronaemia focuses on restriction of dietary fat and control of secondary factors, as available pharmacological therapies are only minimally effective. Emerging therapies that might prove more effective than existing agents include LPL gene therapy, inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, and interference with the production and secretion of apoC-III and angiopoietin-like protein 3.

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Authors: Brahm, A. J., & Hegele, R. A.
Affiliations: Western University (CA)
Corresponding author: Hegele, Robert A.
ORCID: Hegele, Robert A.
Venue: Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-03-03
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
Pages: 352-362
ISSN: 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
1759-5037
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.26
OpenAlex: W2067802636
Cited by: 356
References: 134
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 9
FWCI: 5.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP‑79533), MOP13430)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: lipoprotein lipase deficiency, apolipoprotein C-II, apolipoprotein A-V, genetic basis, pancreatitis risk, cardiovascular risk, dietary fat restriction, apolipoprotein C-III, ANGPTL3, new drugs
MeSH terms: Hypolipidemic Agents, Benzimidazoles, Diet Therapy, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, Niacin, Plasma Exchange, Plasmapheresis, Genetic Therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Fibric Acids

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Chylomicronaemia–current diagnosis and future therapies

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