The DOI matches its Crossref record; 136 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Central hypothyroidism — a neglected thyroid disorder
Abstract
Central hypothyroidism is a rare and heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by a defect in thyroid hormone secretion in an otherwise normal thyroid gland due to insufficient stimulation by TSH. The disease results from the abnormal function of the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus, or both. Moreover, central hypothyroidism can be isolated or combined with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, which are mostly acquired and are rarely congenital. The clinical manifestations of central hypothyroidism are usually milder than those observed in primary hypothyroidism. Obtaining a positive diagnosis for central hypothyroidism can be difficult from both a clinical and a biochemical perspective. The diagnosis of central hypothyroidism is based on low circulating levels of free T 4 in the presence of low to normal TSH concentrations. The correct diagnosis of both acquired (also termed sporadic) and congenital (also termed genetic) central hypothyroidism can be hindered by methodological interference in free T 4 or TSH measurements; routine utilization of total T 4 or T 3 measurements; concurrent systemic illness that is characterized by low levels of free T 4 and normal TSH concentrations; the use of the sole TSH-reflex strategy, which is the measurement of the sole level of TSH, without free T 4, if levels of TSH are in the normal range; and the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism based on TSH analysis without the concomitant measurement of serum levels of T 4. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of the causes of central hypothyroidism, emphasizing possible pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
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In the citing paper
“In comparison with primary hypothyroidism, there is a higher frequency for such conditions because of the persistent impact from rhGH (reviewed in [63]).”
From 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Central Hypothyroidism (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“Acquired forms of CeH are usually sporadic and in most cases due to large pituitary macroadenomas with a suprasellar extensions, craniopharyngiomas and suprasellar tumors, head trauma, vascular accident or cranial irradiation (1, 28, 33).”
From The diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism in 2018 (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“the introduction of these replacement therapies often requires an uptitration of L-T4”
From The diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism in 2018 (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Both estrogens and GH influence thyroid hormone transport and/or metabolism and consequently interfere CeH management (33, 60).”
From The diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism in 2018 (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Sex steroid and GH deficiencies can mask an underlying CeH”
From The diagnosis and management of central hypothyroidism in 2018 (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Citations
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Chaker, L., Razvi, S., Bensenor, I. M., Azizi, F., Pearce, E. N., & Peeters, R. P. (2022) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00357-7 · Cited by 330
Persani, L., Brabant, G., Dattani, M., Bonomi, M., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Fliers, E., Gruters, A., Maiter, D., Schoenmakers, N., & van Trotsenburg, A. S. P. (2018) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000491388 · Cited by 222
Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Effraimidis, G., & Klose, M. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111173 · Cited by 170
Burch, H. B. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1901214 · Cited by 164
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Congenital hypothyroidism: update and perspectives
Peters, C., van Trotsenburg, A. S. P., & Schoenmakers, N. (2018) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-18-0383 · Cited by 162
Metadata
- Authors
- Beck-Peccoz, P., Rodari, G., Giavoli, C., & Lania, A.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Published
- 2017-05-26
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 588-598
- ISSN
- 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5037
- OpenAlex
- W2616986899
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- central hypothyroidism, TSH deficiency, pituitary dysfunction, hypothalamic dysfunction, free thyroxine, pituitary hormone deficiency, thyroid hormone secretion, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Hypothalamus, Hypothyroidism, Male, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Rare Diseases, Neglected Diseases
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