Cited by 925Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesEvolution and Genetic DynamicsChromosomal and Genetic Variations

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The evolution of sex-biased genes and sex-biased gene expression

Ellegren, Hans, Parsch, John·2007·Nature Reviews Genetics

DOI 10.1038/nrg2167

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Abstract

Differences between males and females in the optimal phenotype that is favoured by selection can be resolved by the evolution of differential gene expression in the two sexes. Microarray experiments have shown that such sex-biased gene expression is widespread across organisms and genomes. Sex-biased genes show unusually rapid sequence evolution, are often labile in their pattern of expression, and are non-randomly distributed in the genome. Here we discuss the characteristics and expression of sex-biased genes, and the selective forces that shape this previously unappreciated source of phenotypic diversity. Sex-biased gene expression has implications beyond just evolutionary biology, including for medical genetics.

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Authors: Ellegren, H., & Parsch, J.
Affiliations: Uppsala University (SE)
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author: Ellegren, Hans
Parsch, John
ORCID: Ellegren, Hans
Parsch, John
Venue: Nature Reviews Genetics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2007-08-07
Volume: 8
Issue: 9
Pages: 689-698
ISSN: 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
1471-0064
DOI: 10.1038/nrg2167
OpenAlex: W2057277929
Cited by: 925
References: 90
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 4.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Vetenskapsrådet
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Keywords: sex-biased genes, sex-biased gene expression, sex differences, gene expression patterns, sexual dimorphism, phenotypic diversity, selection, medical genetics
MeSH terms: Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Codon, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Selection, Genetic, Sex Characteristics, Sex Chromosomes, Open Reading Frames, Gene Dosage, Evolution, Molecular, Genes, X-Linked, Genes, Y-Linked

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