The DOI matches its Crossref record; 131 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toll-like receptors — taking an evolutionary approach
Open accessAbstract
The Toll receptor was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster for its role in embryonic development. Subsequently, D. melanogaster Toll and mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been recognized as key regulators of immune responses. After ten years of intense research on TLRs and the recent accumulation of genomic and functional data in diverse organisms, we review the distribution and functions of TLRs in the animal kingdom. We provide an evolutionary perspective on TLRs, which sheds light on their origin at the dawn of animal evolution and suggests that different TLRs might have been co-opted independently during animal evolution to mediate analogous immune functions.
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“Pleurobrachia also lacks major elements that initiate innate immunity such as pattern recognitionreceptors(Toll-like,Nod-like,RIG-like,Ig-Toll-IL-1Rdomain) andimmunemediators,MyD88andRHDtranscriptionfactors,that are present in bilaterians, cnidarians and, in divergent forms, in sponges 19,20 (Supplementary Table 20).”
From The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems (2014) · cites this paper as [20]
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Cites
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A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
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Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547
Antimicrobial Autophagy: A Conserved Innate Immune Response in Drosophila
Moy, R. H., & Cherry, S. R. (2013) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000350326 · Cited by 3,551
Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention
Kong, P., Cui, Z.-Y., Huang, X.-F., Zhang, D.-D., Guo, R.-J., & Han, M. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00955-7 · Cited by 1,183
The Role of TLR2 in Infection and Immunity
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Metadata
- Authors
- Leulier, F., & Lemaitre, B.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- ORCID
- Leulier, François
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 165-178
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2070793039
- Cited by
- 581
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, immune system evolution, innate immunity, embryonic development, invertebrate immunity, vertebrate immunity, convergent evolution, animal evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Evolution, Molecular, Toll-Like Receptors
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