Executive Summary
Open accessAbstract
Based on average intake of subjects who self-selected low-CHO diets (see Table 4).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Whether emphasizing protein, fat, or carbohydrates in the diet gives a weight-loss advantage has not been settled, and few trials have followed participants for more than one year.
“The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year.”
From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
The Body Composition and Summary and Recommendations sections say that macronutrient composition does not seem to play a major role in weight loss and that its effect on long-term maintenance remains unclear, supporting the lack of an established advantage. Evidence-Based Guidelines identifies limited study duration as a problem, but the copy does not say that few studies extend beyond one year. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe trial did not confirm earlier findings that low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets caused greater weight loss at six months and that this advantage eroded by twelve months.
“We did not confirm previous findings that low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets caused increased weight loss at 6 months3–12 and that the advantage of these diets usually eroded by 12 months, with weight loss that was nearly or fully equivalent to that with low-fat diets6,11,18 or other diets.12”
From Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
The Weight Loss and Body Composition sections say that reduced-calorie diets produce weight loss and that macronutrient composition does not seem to play a major role. Our copy does not report the attributed comparison—greater loss on low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets at six months followed by convergence at twelve months. Searches for those time points and comparative findings found no passage addressing them. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAny hypocaloric diet should be effective in achieving weight loss.
“the expectation is that any hypocaloric diet, should be effective in achieving weight loss [20]”
From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [20]
Weight change is governed by two factors: caloric balance and macronutrient composition.
“Weight change is governed by two factors: caloric balance and macronutrient composition.”
From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [20]
Numerous studies have shown that initial alteration in body water with carbohydrate restriction is possible, but a new equilibrium state is achieved in 2-3 weeks, followed by active loss of fat mass.
“Numerous studies have shown that, although initial alteration in body water with carbohydrate restriction is possible, the new equilibrium state is achieved in 2–3 weeks, followed by active loss of fat mass [8,20,21,26,29,73].”
From The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management (2005) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 176 · Cited by 421
- Authors
- Freedman, M. R., King, J., & Kennedy, E.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- King, Janet
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- S3
- Pages
- 1S-40S
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W1507351190
- Semantic Scholar
- 0cc8fd7bda4efc997e4a1e97ce79f631a713463d
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 13.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- low-carbohydrate diet, self-selected diet, dietary intake, carbohydrate intake
- MeSH terms
- Appetite, Diet Fads, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Humans, Hunger, Obesity, Patient Compliance, Weight Loss, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
