Changes in Insulin Secretion and Glucose Metabolism Induced by Dexamethasone in Lean and Obese Females
Abstract
Objective: In healthy lean individuals, changes in insulin sensitivity occurring as a consequence of a 2‐day dexamethasone administration are compensated for by changes in insulin secretion, allowing glucose homeostasis to be maintained. This study evaluated the changes in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion induced by short‐term dexamethasone administration in obese women. Research Methods and Procedures: Eleven obese women with normal glucose tolerance were studied on two occasions, without and after 2 days of low‐dose dexamethasone administration. A two‐step hyperglycemic clamp (7.5 and 10 mM glucose) with 6, 6 2 H 2 glucose was used to assess insulin secretion and whole body glucose metabolism. Results were compared with those obtained in a group of eight lean women. Results: Without dexamethasone, obese women had higher plasma insulin concentrations in the fasting state, during the first phase of insulin secretion, and at the two hyperglycemic plateaus. However, they had normal whole body glucose metabolism compared with lean women, indicating adequate compensation. After dexamethasone, obese women had a 66% to 92% increase in plasma insulin concentrations but a 15.4% decrease in whole body glucose disposal. This contrasted with lean women, who had a 91% to 113% increase in plasma insulin concentrations, with no change in whole body glucose disposal. Discussion: Dexamethasone administration led to a significant reduction in whole body glucose disposal at fixed glycemia in obese but not lean women. This indicates that obese women are unable to increase their insulin secretion appropriately.
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The hyperglycaemic effect of glucocorticoids is generally attributed to reduced insulin sensitivity in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
“This unwanted hyperglycaemic effect is generally attributed to the reduction in sensitivity to insulin action in muscle, liver and adipose tissue.5–7”
From Twenty‐four‐hour profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and free fatty acid in subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance following short‐term, medium‐dose prednisone (20 mg/day) treatment: evidence for differing effects on insulin secretion and action (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Besse, C., Nicod, N., & Tappy, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Tappy, Luc
- ORCID
- Tappy, Luc
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 306-311
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W2020716369
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- dexamethasone, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, obesity, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, hyperglycemic clamp, lean women, obese women
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Blood Glucose, Deuterium, Dexamethasone, Female, Glucose, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Lipid Peroxidation, Glucose Clamp Technique
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