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Cited by 490Advanced Antenna and Metasurface TechnologiesMetamaterials and Metasurfaces ApplicationsAcoustic Wave Phenomena Research

Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

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Ma, Qian, Bai, Guo Dong, Jing, Hong Bo, Yang, Cheng, Li, Lianlin, Cui, Tie Jun·2019·Light: Science & Applications
DOI 10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3PMC PMC6823478
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Abstract

Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.

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  • Programmable metasurfaces can dynamically engineer the phase, amplitude, frequency, and polarization of electromagnetic waves in real time.

    “The digital coding representation and control of the coding pattern using the field programmable gate array (FGPA) have enabled the programmable metasurfaces to dynamically engineer the phase, amplitude, frequency, and polarization of EM waves in real time [3], [4].”

    From Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications (2026) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Results (Principle and design; page unavailable) say that digital-coding sequences and an FPGA let programmable metasurfaces change electromagnetic responses in real time. The Results (Smart beam manipulation; page unavailable) describe different phase responses, and the Introduction mentions coding in different polarizations. Our copy does not establish real-time control of wave frequency or independently programmable amplitude, so the full list of properties is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ma, Q., Bai, G. D., Jing, H. B., Yang, C., Li, L., & Cui, T. J.
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves (CN)
  • Peking University (CN)
Corresponding author
Cui, Tie Jun
ORCID
Venue
Light: Science & Applications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-10-31
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
98-98
ISSN
2047-7538 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3
PMC
PMC6823478
OpenAlex
W2982363638
Cited by
490
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 54 · 2018: 1
FWCI
40.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Light Science & Applications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (61722106, 2017YFA0700202, 61501112, 61522106, 61501117, 61731010, 111-2-05, 2017YFA0700203, 61701107, 61701108, 61631007, 61761136007, 2017YFA0700201, 61735010, 61571117)
  • Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (111‐2‐05, 2017YFA0700201, 111-2, 2017YFA0700203, 61731010, 61571117, 2017YFA0700202, 61735010, 61631007)
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0700201, 61735010, 2017YFA0700203, 61631007, 111-2-05, 2017YFA0700202, 61731010, 61571117)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Keywords
active metamaterials, electromagnetic wave manipulation, beam steering, motion sensing, environmental sensing

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