Cited by 361Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and CortisolAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The longitudinal associations of inflammatory biomarkers and depression revisited: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Open access

Mac Giollabhui, Naoise, Ng, Tommy H., Ellman, Lauren M., Alloy, Lauren B.·2021·Molecular Psychiatry

DOI 10.1038/s41380-020-00867-4PMC PMC7887136

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The innate immune system is dysregulated in depression; however, less is known about the longitudinal associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers. We investigated the prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] in community samples, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates. The review, registered with PROSPERO, searched for published and unpublished studies via MEDLINE/PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES/EMBASE/Proquest Dissertation. Standardized Fisher transformations of the correlation/beta coefficients, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates, were extracted from studies examining the prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers. Systematic review conducted in January, 2019 included 38 studies representing 58,256 participants, with up to 27 studies included in random-effects meta-analysis. Higher CRP/IL-6 were associated with future depressive symptoms, and higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher future CRP/IL-6 in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses - this is the first meta-analysis reporting an adjusted association of IL-6 with future depression. The adjusted prospective associations of depression with CRP/CRP with depression were substantially attenuated and small in magnitude. No significant associations were observed for TNF-α. No conclusive results were observed in studies of clinical depression. Meta-regression indicated that the association of CRP and future depression was larger in older samples and in studies not controlling for possible infection. Small, prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers are observed in both directions, particularly for IL-6; however, the strength and importance of this relationship is likely obscured by the heterogeneity in depression and profound study/methodological differences. Implications for future studies are discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41380-020-00867-4

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Untitled work
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A. A., Stewart, J. W., Warden, D., Niederehe, G., Thase, M. E., Lavori, P. W., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1905 · Cited by 5,643
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Overweight, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Zitman, F. G. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2 · Cited by 4,322
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848

Show all 80 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Au B, Smith KJ, Gariepy G, Schmitz N. The longitudinal associations between C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30:976–84. · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 361

Splenic γδ T cells mediate antidepressant and prophylactic actions of arketamine in lipopolysaccharide-induced depression in mice
Liu, G., Ma, L., Sakamoto, A., Fujimura, L., Xu, D., Zhao, M., Wan, X., Murayama, R., Anzai, N., & Hashimoto, K. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173906 · Cited by 4
Exploring Gender and Urban-Rural Disparities: Investigating the Association between Multimorbidity and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults Using Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Peng, M., Wang, P., & Liang, Z. (2024) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-024-10411-z · Cited by 4
The mediating effects of sleep quality in the relationship between loneliness and depression among middle-aged and older adults
Liu, Y., Zhang, D., Sui, L., Li, D., Wang, M., Wang, W., Xue, M., Hao, J., Zhang, L., & Wu, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-93681-3 · Cited by 7
Individual differences in latent trait cortisol (LTC): Implications for the onset and course of future depressive symptoms
Stroud, C. B., Chen, F. R., Levin, R. Y., Richman, M. M., Lamberth, E., & Doane, L. D. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105926 · Cited by 4
Nonlinear Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Depression Among Obese Middle-Aged Adults
Lee, C., Min, S. H., & Niitsu, K. (2023) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000646 · Cited by 4
Inflammatory biomarker findings from a randomized controlled trial of heated yoga for depression
Nyer, M., Foster, S. L., Petrie, S. R., Giollabhui, N. M., Gould, D. A., Flux, M. C., Norton, R. J., Nagaswami, M. V., Viotti, A., Ding, G. A., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100089 · Cited by 4
A Systematic Review: Investigating Biomarkers of Anhedonia and Amotivation in Depression and Cannabis Use
Hinckley, J. D., Conner, B. T., Mauch, R. J., Arkfeld, P. A., Bhatia, D., Smith, E. E., Svoboda, E., & Singh, M. K. (2024) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.08.005 · Cited by 3
Neuro-Inflammatory and Behavioral Changes Are Selectively Reversed by Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin®) and Mesembrine in Male Rats Subjected to Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress
Gericke, J., Steyn, S. F., Viljoen, F. P., & Harvey, B. H. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14131029 · Cited by 3
Predictive modelling of clinically significant depressive symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: protocol for a multicentre observational study in two Swiss hospitals (the PsyCor study)
Lazaridou, A., Sivakumar, S., Biefer, H. R. C., Weilenmann, S., Princip, M., Zuccarella‐Hackl, C., Petzschner, F. H., Heinzle, J., Stephan, K. E., Dzemali, O., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108061 · Cited by 5
Systemic inflammation mediated the association between body roundness index and depression among adults: a nationwide population-based study
Zhou, M., Li, D., Mao, C., Zhan, H., & Qiu, H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120328 · Cited by 3
Association between the remnant cholesterol-inflammation index and depression in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2005‐2010
Chen, Y., Xiao, N., Ju, H., Sun, J., Zhou, Q., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120748 · Cited by 3
TNF-α levels in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder: a case-control study and meta-analysis
Li, C., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Xiao, S., Lou, M., Ding, M., & Xing, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07685-4 · Cited by 3
Genetic predisposition to inflammation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic network analysis
Usemann, P. L., David, F. S., Brosch, K., Stein, F., Wroblewski, A., Thomas‐Odenthal, F., Teutenberg, L., Pfarr, J., Evermann, U., Flinkenflügel, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121424 · Cited by 3
Multi-modal analysis of inflammation as a potential mediator of depressive symptoms in young people with HIV: The GOLD depression study
Rakshasa-Loots, A. M., Naidoo, S., Hamana, T., Fanqa, B., van Wyhe, K. S., Lindani, F., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Glashoff, R. H., Kruger, S., Robertson, F. C., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298787 · Cited by 3
Cellular immune phenotype of major depressive disorder – findings from the EMBARC study
Fatt, C. C., Vasu, S., Haque, N., Ayvaci, E. R., Jha, M. K., Foster, J. A., & Trivedi, M. H. (2025) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2025.2486137 · Cited by 3
Depression and Inflammation Predict Depression Trajectory of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Park, K. R., Shields, P. G., Myers, J., Reisinger, S. A., & Andersen, B. L. (2025) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001379 · Cited by 3
Purpose in life and c-reactive protein: An individual-participant meta-analysis of >50,000 adults
Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Stephan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107614 · Cited by 2
Depression’s double hit: immune dysfunction and viral reactivation
Savitz, J. B. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0409 · Cited by 3
Is there a cost to caring? Dispositional affective empathy interacts with depressive symptoms to predict higher C-reactive protein 8 years later
Manczak, E. M. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108573 · Cited by 3
Acute and chronic response of supervised band-elastic resistance exercise in systemic cytokines levels of bipolar disorders and schizophrenia individuals: A pilot study
dos Santos, G. G., Bachi, A. L. L., Rangel, S. C., Nali, L. H. D. S., Daca, T., do Amaral, J. B., Juliano, Y., Natrielli, D. G., Rossi, F. E., Gil, S. D. S., et al. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115248 · Cited by 4
The association between depressive symptoms and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Is body mass index a moderator?
Tassone, V. K., Wu, M., Meshkat, S., Duffy, S. F., Baig, S., Jung, H. J., Lou, W. Y. W., & Bhat, V. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100773 · Cited by 2
A follow‐up study with a double‐blinded, randomized controlled vitamin D supplementation trial in patients with major depressive episode ( DepFuD ): A study protocol and baseline characteristics
Mikola, T., Lehto, S. M., Honkalampi, K. M., Valkonen‐Korhonen, M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Tolmunen, T., Laukkanen, V., Pakarinen, M., & Ruusunen, A. A. (2024) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.4417 · Cited by 5
Volunteering, chronic stress, and systemic inflammation among middle-aged and older adults
Han, S. H., Choi, J., Kuenstler, M., & Kim, Y. K. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107552 · Cited by 2
Adolescent depression, childhood maltreatment, and the immune system; a role for epigenetic aging?
Tollenaar, M. S., Creasey, N., Wever, M. C. M., Knipping, K., Garssen, J., van Houtum, L. A. E. M., Wentholt, W. G. M., Janssen, L. H. C., Lax, E., & Elzinga, B. M. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101080 · Cited by 2
Machine Learning–Based Classification of Depression Using Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Shen, Y.-C., Wu, P. I., Lin, C.-F., Yen, C.-J., Shan, Y., & Chen, P.-S. (2025) · Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/kjm2.70094 · Cited by 2
Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictive biomarkers for depression and mania in young adults with depressive and bipolar disorder
Liu, S., Morgan-Fleming, G. M., Denenny, D. M., Frey, S. J., Irwin, M. R., Miklowitz, D. J., & Ho, T. C. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.10.035 · Cited by 2
Towards Objective Major Depressive Disorder Detection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Biomarkers
Gulbaz, Z.-U.-A., Mirza, S., Naveed, S., Azeem, M. W., Husain, N., & Cheema, M. I. (2025) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-025-10223-w · Cited by 2
Environmental enrichment prevents depression-like behaviours induced by immune system activation in male mice
Kanashiro, A., Medeiros, P., Medeiros, A. C., Ferreira, F. R., Campos, A. C., Barichello, T., & Coimbra, N. C. (2025) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2025.138450 · Cited by 2
Sex modifies the relationship between depression and risk for dementia: implications for targeted prevention
Rutter, L. A., Hamilton, L. J., Wilson, S., Krendl, A. C., & Perry, B. L. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70022 · Cited by 2
Effect of nature-based interventions on depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sun, F., & Tang, D. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2026.103023 · Cited by 2
Association between psychosocial factors and C-reactive protein across income, race, and sex.
Cundiff, J. M., Bennett, A., Williams, A., Cushman, M., & Howard, V. J. (2023) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001310 · Cited by 3
Protocol for teen inflammation glutamate emotion research (TIGER): Toward predictors of treatment response and clinical course in depressed adolescents
Coury, S. M., López, V., Bajwa, Z., Garcia, J. M., Teresi, G. I., Kuhlman, K. R., Li, Y., Cole, S. W., Miklowitz, D. J., Pappas, I., et al. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100718 · Cited by 2
Considering the role of estradiol in the psychoneuroimmunology of perimenopausal depression
Bondy, E. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100830 · Cited by 3
Relationship between weight-to-waist index and post-stroke depression
Li, J., Ma, L., Ma, X.-Y., & Gao, B. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i3.100909 · Cited by 2
Hierarchical Phenotyping of Psychopathology: Implications and Opportunities for Precision Psychiatry When Biology Could Be Associated With Both Symptoms and Syndromes
Moriarity, D. P., Perkins, E. R., & Joyner, K. J. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.015 · Cited by 2
Prevalence and predictors of rehospitalization in youth depression patients: A 10-year longitudinal study
Seizer, L., Renner, T. J., & Löchner, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119800 · Cited by 2
Sleep efficiency and event−related potentials in patients with depression: the mediating role of serum C-reactive protein
Fang, L., Wang, P., Xie, T., Ding, S., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Zhang, A., Zhu, P., & Zhu, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1574864 · Cited by 2
The inflammation-depression link: How social networks buffer or exacerbate risk
Zainal, N. H. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101052 · Cited by 2
C-reactive protein is associated with pain-type somatic symptoms independent of mental health symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from the ALSPAC study
Cooney-Quane, J., Thomas, D. S., Nolan, Y. M., & Dockray, S. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101082 · Cited by 2
Association between depression symptoms and moderately increased levels of the inflammation marker albuminuria is explained by age and comorbidity
Romundstad, S., & Hynnekleiv, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12635-1 · Cited by 3
Validation of a novel method of ultraviolet-induced cutaneous inflammation and its associations with anhedonia
Sullivan‐Toole, H., Feng, S., Carlton, C. N., Ghane, M., Olino, T. M., Allen, I. C., & Richey, J. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24598-4 · Cited by 1
Assessment of serum interleukin 6 in a sample of Egyptian patients with schizophrenia
Ella, E. I. A. E., Rabie, E. S., Sheikh, M. M. E., Ghamry, R. H. E., Hotar, M. S., & Gabrielle, F. F. (2024) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-024-00409-6 · Cited by 1
Which PTSD symptom would mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and depressive symptoms? Preliminary findings from two samples of trauma-exposed middle school students
Fung, H. W., Yuan, G. F., Liu, C., Liu, J., Shi, W., & Lam, S. K. K. (2024) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2024.100180 · Cited by 1
Psychological risk and protective factors of immunity: a cross-cultural network analysis
Chalmers, R., Cervin, M., Choo, C. C., Sutton, A., Barcaccia, B., Couyoumdjian, A., Pallini, S., Iqbal, N., Reid, V. M., Singh, N. N., et al. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07178-9 · Cited by 1
Serum Cortisol and Cardiovascular Disease Risk - A Potential Biomarker
Oo, W. J., Lim, C. L., Goh, M. H., & Koh, R. Y. (2025) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573403x328499241106064553 · Cited by 1
Associations Between Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Anxiety and Depression in the General Population: The Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study
Dypvik, R., Fjukstad, K. K., Lydersen, S., Berge, T., Tveit, A., Røsjø, H. R., Omland, T., Einvik, G., & Lyngbakken, M. N. (2025) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001365 · Cited by 2
Differential associations of serum globulin and albumin-globulin ratio with depression in cancer and non-cancer populations: a cross-sectional study
Zan, Y., Guo, C., Yin, Y., & Dong, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1523060 · Cited by 1
A scoping review of functional genomics in perinatal depression
Bruzzone, S. E. P., Garre, V. F. S., Høgh, S., Frøkjær, V. G., O’Donnell, K. J., & Eid, R. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101202 · Cited by 1
The Immunologic Underpinnings of Post-Stroke Depression
Sørensen, N. V., Hougaard, A., Kruuse, C. R., & Benros, M. E. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100575 · Cited by 2
Perceived Everyday Discrimination, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Their Influence on Depressive Symptoms and Inflammation in Youth
Ossipova, I., Pössel, P., & Fernandez-Botrán, R. (2025) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.70019 · Cited by 1
An Integrated Immuno-Reward Model of Adolescent Depression: Theory, Evidence, and Implications
Alloy, L. B., & Nusslock, R. (2025) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214251369722 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Early-life inflammation increases aggressive behavior in adult male mice through an astrocyte-neuron signaling
Wang, J., Wang, J., Chen, H., Gao, F., Xu, R., Lv, Y., Ding, S., Fang, L., Li, X., Shi, Y., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03260-1 · Cited by 1
Biopsychosocial pathways from early adversity to depression: Potential mechanisms and implications for intervention
Valdes, V., Marshall, H. E., & Nelson, C. A. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/01650254251377759 · Cited by 1
Explore the U-shape between the stress hyperglycemia ratio and diabetes or prediabetes with depressive symptoms in United States adults: insights in NHANES 2005–2018
Wang, M., Peng, C., Jiang, T., Li, D., Lu, C., & Lu, M. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01991-3 · Cited by 1
Association of C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index with anxiety in American adults: outcomes from NHANES 2007 to 2010
Jiang, C., Zheng, Z., Su, Y. X., Fu, W., & Zhong, Q. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-03555-7 · Cited by 1
Biomarker-based depression risk prediction in chronic heart failure patients: an interpretable machine learning approach
Tao, Y., Yao, C.-L., Liu, R., Qiu, H., Liu, X., Wang, B., & Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1737713 · Cited by 1
Hematological inflammatory indices and Long-Term risk of depressive symptoms: a korean cohort study
Jung, J. Y., Oh, C., Ryoo, J., Chung, Y., & Park, S. K. (2025) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2025.2599303 · Cited by 1
Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood–Brain Barrier Water Exchange in Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence from Diffusion-Prepared Arterial Spin Labelling MRI
Jesmanas, S., Milasauskiene, E., Burkauskas, J., Borutaitė, V., Škėmienė, K., Adomaitienė, V., Gradauskienė, B., Lukoševičius, S., Gleiznienė, R., Brown, G. C., et al. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16010027 · Cited by 1
Inflammatory models of depression in rodents and humans
Markov, D., Zozulya, S. A., & Dolotov, O. V. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1687579 · Cited by 5
Altered subgenual anterior cingulate cortex connectivity in psoriasis patients with depression: a resting-state fMRI case-control study
Liu, N., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Han, X., Yi, F., Huo, J., & Chang, T. (2026) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-026-00638-5 · Cited by 1
The Price of Protection: Evolutionary tradeoffs in inflammatory depression
Bindroo, A., & Savitz, J. B. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106577 · Cited by 1
Cognitive dispersion and depressive symptoms in aging: distinct contributions to longitudinal decline
Rutter, L. A., & Hamilton, L. J. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbag055 · Cited by 1
Childhood and contemporaneous inflammation in depersonalisation and derealisation: Longitudinal evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Dilkes, E., Gillmeister, H., & Daughters, K. (2026) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101273 · Cited by 1
A next-generation approach to mental health outcomes: Treatment, time, and trajectories
Montelongo, M., Lee, J., Poa, E., BOLAND, R. J., Rufino, K. A., Patriquin, M. A., & Oh, H. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.027 · Cited by 1
Stress, aging, and inflammation
Matovic, S., Rummel, C. D., Feldotto, M., & Gouin, J. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817558-3.00004-4 · Cited by 1
The mechanism and application prospect of intestinal flora regulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress in depression
Li, Y., Mo, T., & Yao, Y. (2023) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0601 · Cited by 1
Discrimination, cognitive styles, and their associations with adolescents' mental and physical health
Biesecker, C. L., Pössel, P., & Fernandez-Botrán, R. (2024) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22379 · Cited by 1
Physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in England
Danka, M. N., Steptoe, A., & Iob, E. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.24305797 · Cited by 1
Inflammation and treatment resistance: Mechanisms and treatment implications
Miller, A. H., Lucido, M. J., Bekhbat, M., Mehta, N. D., Chen, X., Treadway, M. T., Felger, J. C., & Haroon, E. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824067-0.00015-3 · Cited by 1
Difficulties in psychosocial functioning due to current depressive symptoms: What can C-Reactive protein tell us?
O’Shields, J., & Mowbray, O. P. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100316 · Cited by 1
Assessing Psychosocial, Peripheral and Central Neural Correlates of Burnout and Depression in Healthcare Workers
Montgomery, C. M. (2024) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2024-16211 · Cited by 1
Prospective Network Analysis of Proinflammatory Proteins, Lipid Markers, and Depression Components in Midlife Community Adult WomenPreprint
Tong, Y. A., & Newman, M. G. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q73va
A Multilocus Approach to Examining Genetic Susceptibility to Stress and Depression Among Young Adults
Thaw, E. (2021) · doi:10.22215/etd/2021-14729
Affective Disorders
Alloy, L. B., Chat, I. K.-Y., Grehl, M. M., Kautz, M. M., Dunning, E. E., Adogli, Z. V., Smith, L. T., Walsh, R. F. L., & Stephenson, A. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00225-9
Self-citation
Ultraviolet-induced inflammation: Validation of the PI-MED erythema measure and its associations with anhedoniaPreprint
Sullivan‐Toole, H., Feng, S., Carlton, C. N., Ghane, M., Olino, T. M., Allen, I. C., & Richey, J. A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1612429/v1
Religious Service Attendance in Adolescents is associated with lower levels of C-Reactive Protein, a marker of inflammationPreprint
Xie, A., Boettner, B. L., Wilson, K. L., Bai, P., Browning, C. R., Ford, J. L., & Way, B. M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pnza3
Depressive disorders
Klein, D. N., & Calentino, A. E. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00182-x · Cited by 1
Plasma Inflammation and Plasticity Biomarkers Associated with Future Suicidal Ideation and Depression Severity in Mood Disorders: A Six-Month Prospective StudyPreprint
Lengvenytė, A., Cognasse, F., Hamzeh‐Cognasse, H., Sénèque, M., Strumila, R., Olié, É., & Courtet, P. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3112715/v1
Staging Biomarkers in Psychiatry
Mastella, N. D. S., Bouvier, V. D. A., Veloso, G., de Castro, A.-R. L., Salgado, T. A., Bebber, J. C., & Passos, I. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43356-6_8
The Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Depression is Partially Moderated by Sexual Identity Among Bisexuals
Sherman, J. P., & Morgan, E. (2024) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2024.2317769
MNLFA NhanesPreprint
Moriarity, D. P., Sullivan‐Toole, H., Gassen, J., Lee, C., Olino, T. M., & Slavich, G. M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jqvdn
Chronic Heart Failure Combined with Depression and Anxiety: The Study Status of Psycho-Cardiology
王, 聪. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Personalized Medicine · doi:10.12677/jcpm.2024.32028
Chapter 5. Brain–Immune System Interactions
Dhabhar, F. S., Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375523.as05
Exploring the Nexus of Inflammation, Depression and Pancreatic Cancer Through Machine Learning (Preprint)Preprint
Shen, Y.-C., Wu, P. I., Chen, P. S., Lee, I. H., Lin, C., Yen, C., & Shan, Y. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.64320
Depression and Peripheral Artery Disease
Welch-Mabon, K. G., Heisler, S., & McGinigle, K. L. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32046-0_2-1
Depressive Disorders
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.00006-5
References
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
The impact of inflammatory response on psychological status of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic
Wang, D., Li, H., Liu, Y., Li, H., Liu, Y., & Hou, L. (2025) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1186/s41155-024-00335-w
Depression: The Vagus Nerve and Gut-Brain Axis
Hashimoto, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_31-1
The association between interleukin-6 inhibitors as treatment for COVID-19 and mental health problems in ICU survivors
van Gelder, T. G., Lalmohamed, A., Egberts, T. C. G., Slooter, A. J. C., Zegers, M., van den Boogaard, M., & Zaal, I. J. (2026) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2026.155558
Inflammation et dépression
Lemogne, C., Vedrines, C. O., Capuron, L., & Hoertel, N. (2025) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2025.05.011
Dysregulated Neuroimmune and Anhedonia-like Behavioral Response Following Peripheral Immune Challenge in Mice Carrying the Val66Met Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism
Mithaiwala, M. N., Dugan, A. M., de la Flor, M. A., Subramanian, S. K., Acheson, A., & O’Connor, J. C. (2025) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint6030087
Gut Barrier Permeability, Microbiota, and Brain Health
Madison, A. A., Duff, A. F., & Bailey, M. T. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931544.013.17
Comorbidity with other medical conditions
Vázquez, G. H. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33580-8.00017-9
Metabolomic Signatures Linking Depressive Symptoms to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidity: Evidence from the UK BiobankPreprint
Koloi, A., Dobretz, K., Damman, D., Quax, R., Zaridis, D. I., Papaloukas, C. L., Fotiadis, D. I., & Bosch, J. A. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6422455/v1
Reply to the Comments on “A Cross-sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder”
Rockson, C., Girish, C., Natarajan, H., & Menon, V. (2025) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176251364927
Impact of Social Media Violence on Physical Health
Mishra, D. (2025) · Synthesis lectures on engineers, technology, and society · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95619-5_8
Depression: The Vagus Nerve and Gut-Brain Axis
Hashimoto, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_31
Transforming growth factor-β superfamily members as potential biomarkers for adolescent major depressive disorder
Wang, X., Kong, Y., Xiang, J., Jiang, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Wan, L., Hong, S. L., & Kuang, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1655332
Immunometabolic state modulation of sequential decision making in patch-foraging micePreprint
Lau, D., Gagnon, P., Fay, A., Palmer, D. D., Boisjoly, F., Majeur, D., Manceau, R., Nakajima, S., Robb, J. L., Zeighami, Y., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674667

Authors: Mac Giollabhui, N., Ng, T. H., Ellman, L. M., & Alloy, L. B.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
Corresponding author: Alloy, Lauren B.
ORCID: Mac Giollabhui, Naoise
Ng, Tommy H.
Ellman, Lauren M.
Alloy, Lauren B.
Venue: Molecular Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-08-17
Volume: 26
Issue: 7
Pages: 3302-3314
ISSN: 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
1476-5578
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00867-4
PMC: PMC7887136
OpenAlex: W3049499252
Cited by: 361
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 60 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 2.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH101168, MH079369, F31MH118808, MH118545, MH096478)
American Psychological Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: depression, inflammatory markers, interleukin-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, innate immune system, prospective associations, depressive symptoms, infection, community sample
MeSH terms: Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Humans, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The longitudinal associations of inflammatory biomarkers and depression revisited: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks