The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The longitudinal associations of inflammatory biomarkers and depression revisited: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Open accessAbstract
The innate immune system is dysregulated in depression; however, less is known about the longitudinal associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers. We investigated the prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] in community samples, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates. The review, registered with PROSPERO, searched for published and unpublished studies via MEDLINE/PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES/EMBASE/Proquest Dissertation. Standardized Fisher transformations of the correlation/beta coefficients, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates, were extracted from studies examining the prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers. Systematic review conducted in January, 2019 included 38 studies representing 58,256 participants, with up to 27 studies included in random-effects meta-analysis. Higher CRP/IL-6 were associated with future depressive symptoms, and higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher future CRP/IL-6 in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses - this is the first meta-analysis reporting an adjusted association of IL-6 with future depression. The adjusted prospective associations of depression with CRP/CRP with depression were substantially attenuated and small in magnitude. No significant associations were observed for TNF-α. No conclusive results were observed in studies of clinical depression. Meta-regression indicated that the association of CRP and future depression was larger in older samples and in studies not controlling for possible infection. Small, prospective associations of depression and inflammatory biomarkers are observed in both directions, particularly for IL-6; however, the strength and importance of this relationship is likely obscured by the heterogeneity in depression and profound study/methodological differences. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In particular, elevated levels of CRP are associated with increased risk for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancers, and depression.36,37”
From Social Media Use and Its Link to Physical Health Indicators (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A. A., Stewart, J. W., Warden, D., Niederehe, G., Thase, M. E., Lavori, P. W., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1905 · Cited by 5,643
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Overweight, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Zitman, F. G. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2 · Cited by 4,322
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848
Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression
Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006 · Cited by 3,009
Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907c1b · Cited by 2,766
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?
Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., O’Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Moylan, S., Allen, N. B., Stuart, A. L., Hayley, A. C., Byrne, M. L., et al. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-200 · Cited by 1,423
Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa.
Musselman, D. L., Lawson, D. H., Gumnick, J. F., Manatunga, A. K., Penna, S., Goodkin, R. S., Greiner, K., Nemeroff, C. B., & Miller, A. H. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103293441303 · Cited by 1,120
Risk for recurrence in depression
Burcusa, S. L., & Iacono, W. G. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.02.005 · Cited by 1,023
Haroon, E., Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.205 · Cited by 1,000
CRP, IL-6 and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Valkanova, V., Ebmeier, K. P., & Allan, C. L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.004 · Cited by 972
The macrophage theory of depression
Smith, R. S. (1991) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(91)90272-z · Cited by 931
Khandaker, G. M., Pearson, R. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1332 · Cited by 846
Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters
Del Giudice, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.013 · Cited by 779
Osimo, E. F., Baxter, L. J., Lewis, G., Jones, P. B., & Khandaker, G. M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001454 · Cited by 774
Erskine, H. E., Moffitt, T. E., Copeland, W. E., Costello, E. J., Ferrari, A. J., Patton, G., Degenhardt, L., Vos, T., Whiteford, H. A., & Scott, J. G. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714002888 · Cited by 688
Depressive disorders and immunity: 20 years of progress and discovery
Irwin, M. R., & Miller, A. H. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.01.010 · Cited by 676
Inflammation and clinical response to treatment in depression: A meta-analysis
Strawbridge, R., Arnone, D., Danese, A., Papadopoulos, A., Herane Vives, A., & Cleare, A. J. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.06.007 · Cited by 666
Is depression an inflammatory disorder?
Raison, C. L., & Miller, A. H. (2011) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-011-0232-0 · Cited by 524
ELISA and Multiplex Technologies for Cytokine Measurement in Inflammation and Aging Research
Leng, S. X., McElhaney, J. E., Walston, J. D., Xie, D., Fedarko, N. S., & Kuchel, G. A. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.8.879 · Cited by 521
O’Connor, M.-F., Bower, J. E., Cho, H. J., Creswell, J. D., Dimitrov, S., Hamby, M. E., Hoyt, M. A., Martin, J. L., Robles, T. F., Sloan, E. K., et al. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.04.005 · Cited by 500
How many different ways do patients meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder?
Zimmerman, M., Ellison, W., Young, D., Chelminski, I., & Dalrymple, K. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.007 · Cited by 392
A prospective evaluation of the directionality of the depression–inflammation relationship
Stewart, J. C., Rand, K. L., Muldoon, M. F., & Kamarck, T. W. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.04.011 · Cited by 390
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression
Pasco, J. A., Nicholson, G. C., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., Henry, M. J., Kotowicz, M. A., Schneider, H. G., Leonard, B. E., & Berk, M. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076430 · Cited by 321
Interferon-Induced Depression in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Udina, M., Castellví, P., Moreno-España, J., Navinés, R., Valdés, M., Forns, X., Langohr, K., Solà, R., Vieta, E., & Martín-Santos, R. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12r07694 · Cited by 297
Khandaker, G. M., Zuber, V., Rees, J. M. B., Carvalho, L. A., Mason, A. M., Foley, C. N., Gkatzionis, A., Jones, P. B., & Burgess, S. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0395-3 · Cited by 287
Cumulative Depression Episodes Predict Later C-Reactive Protein Levels: A Prospective Analysis
Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.023 · Cited by 265
The inflammation hypothesis in geriatric depression
Alexopoulos, G. S., & Morimoto, S. S. (2011) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2672 · Cited by 237
Hiles, S. A., Baker, A., de Malmanche, T., & Attia, J. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000128 · Cited by 224
van den Biggelaar, A. H. J., Gussekloo, J., de Craen, A. J. M., Frölich, M., Stek, M. L., van der Mast, R. C., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2007) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2007.01.011 · Cited by 209
Olbert, C. M., Gala, G. J., & Tupler, L. A. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036068 · Cited by 209
Oddy, W. H., Allen, K. L., Trapp, G., Ambrosini, G. L., Black, L. J., Huang, R., Rzehak, P., Runions, K., Pan, F., Beilin, L. J., et al. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002 · Cited by 198
Smith, K. J., Au, B., Ollis, L., & Schmitz, N. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.005 · Cited by 197
Schedlowski, M., Engler, H., & Grigoleit, J.-S. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.09.015 · Cited by 195
Low-grade inflammation predicts persistence of depressive symptoms
Zalli, A., Jovanova, O., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Tiemeier, H. W., & Carvalho, L. A. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-3919-9 · Cited by 193
Baune, B., Smith, E., Reppermund, S., Air, T., Samaras, K., Lux, O., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P. S., & Trollor, J. N. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.006 · Cited by 189
Milaneschi, Y., Corsi, A. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.011 · Cited by 147
Baumeister, D., Russell, A., Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0887-z · Cited by 142
Khandaker, G. M., Zuber, V., Rees, J. M. B., Carvalho, L. A., Mason, A. M., Foley, C. N., Gkatzionis, A., Jones, P. B., & Burgess, S. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0857-7 · Cited by 139
Matthews, K. A., Schott, L. L., Bromberger, J. T., Cyranowski, J. M., Everson-Rose, S. A., & Sowers, M. (2010) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.005 · Cited by 132
Giollabhui, N. M., Ellman, L. M., Coe, C. L., Byrne, M. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.023 · Cited by 130
Self-citationBiochemical markers subtyping major depressive disorder
Kunugi, H., Hori, H., & Ogawa, S. (2015) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12299 · Cited by 120
Deverts, D. J., Cohen, S., DiLillo, V. G., Lewis, C. E., Kiefe, C. I., Whooley, M. A., & Matthews, K. A. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181ec4b98 · Cited by 104
Kern, S., Skoog, I., Börjesson-Hanson, A., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Östling, S., Kern, J., Gudmundsson, P., Marlow, T., Rosengren, L., et al. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.006 · Cited by 94
Depressive symptoms and C-reactive protein: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Elovainio, M. J., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Mika Kivimaki, B., Puttonen, S., Viikari, L. A., Räsänen, L., Mansikkaniemi, K., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007574 · Cited by 92
Su, S., Miller, A. H., Snieder, H., Bremner, J. D., Ritchie, J., Maisano, C., Jones, L. R., Murrah, N. V., Goldberg, J. H., & Vaccarino, V. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31819082ef · Cited by 87
Recurrence of depressive disorders after interferon-induced depression
Chiu, W.-C., Su, Y.-P., Su, K.-P., & Chen, P.-C. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.274 · Cited by 80
Au, B., Smith, K. J., Gariépy, G., & Schmitz, N. (2015) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4250 · Cited by 79
Executive dysfunction in depression in adolescence: the role of inflammation and higher body mass
Giollabhui, N. M., Swistun, D., Murray, S. M., Moriarity, D. P., Kautz, M. M., Ellman, L. M., Olino, T. M., Coe, C. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000564 · Cited by 78
Self-citationNiles, A. N., Smirnova, M., Lin, J. E., & O’Donovan, A. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.035 · Cited by 69
Inflammation, Depression, and Slow Gait: A High Mortality Phenotype in Later Life
Brown, P. J., Roose, S. P., Zhang, J., Wall, M. W., Rutherford, B. R., Ayonayon, H. N., Butters, M. A., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Satterfield, S., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv156 · Cited by 66
Simanek, A. M., Cheng, C. K., Yolken, R. H., Uddin, M., Galea, S., & Aiello, A. E. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.002 · Cited by 59
Jonker, I., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Schoevers, R. A. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.62 · Cited by 57
Glaus, J., von Känel, R., Lasserre, A. M., Strippoli, M. F., Vandeleur, C. L., Castelao, E., Gholam‐Rezaee, M., Marangoni, C., Wagner, E.-Y. N., Marques-Vidal, P. M., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002744 · Cited by 55
Depressive symptoms and diet: Their effects on prospective inflammation levels in the elderly
Luciano, M., Mõttus, R., Starr, J. M., McNeill, G., Jia, X., Craig, L. C. A., & Deary, I. J. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.10.007 · Cited by 53
Caserta, M. T., Wyman, P. A., Wang, H., Moynihan, J. A., & O’Connor, T. G. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000526 · Cited by 48
Kim, J., Stewart, R. J., Kim, J.-W., Kang, H., Bae, K., Kim, S., Shin, I., & Yoon, J. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.006 · Cited by 47
Casaletto, K. B., Staffaroni, A. M., Elahi, F., Fox, E., Crittenden, P. A., You, M., Neuhaus, J., Glymour, M., Bettcher, B. M., Yaffe, K., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2018.05.004 · Cited by 47
Duivis, H. E., Kupper, N., Vermunt, J. K., Penninx, B. W., Bosch, N. M., Riese, H., Oldehinkel, A. J., & de Jonge, P. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000210 · Cited by 40
Adriaensen, W. J., Matheï, C., Vaes, B., Pottelbergh, G. V., Wallemacq, P. E., & Degryse, J. (2014) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9723-3 · Cited by 40
Khandaker, G., Pearson, R., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 36
Walss‐Bass, C., Suchting, R., Olvera, R. L., & Williamson, D. E. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.006 · Cited by 35
Matsushima, J., Kawashima, T., Nabeta, H., Imamura, Y., Watanabe, I., Mizoguchi, Y., Kojima, N., Yamada, S., & Monji, A. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.030 · Cited by 34
Blood Inflammatory Proteins and Risk of Incident Depression in the Elderly
Forti, P., Rietti, E., Pisacane, N., Olivelli, V., Mariani, E., Chiappelli, M., Licastro, F., & Ravaglia, G. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000261644 · Cited by 33
Unhealthy lifestyle may increase later depression via inflammation in older women but not men
Hiles, S. A., Baker, A., de Malmanche, T., McEvoy, M., Boyle, M., & Attia, J. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.010 · Cited by 33
Psychosocial stress and C-reactive protein from mid-adolescence to young adulthood.
Chiang, J. J., Park, H., Almeida, D. M., Bower, J. E., Cole, S. W., Irwin, M. R., McCreath, H. E., Seeman, T. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000701 · Cited by 32
Khandaker, G. M., Zuber, V., Rees, J. M. B., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/533828 · Cited by 32
Simanek, A. M., Zheng, C., Yolken, R. H., Haan, M. N., & Aiello, A. E. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly172 · Cited by 27
Luukinen, H., Jokelainen, J., & Hedberg, P. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365510903410548 · Cited by 25
Tully, P. J., Baumeister, H., Bengel, J., Jenkins, A. J., Januszewski, A. S., Martin, S., & Wittert, G. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.058 · Cited by 20
Nelson, B. W., Byrne, M. L., Simmons, J. G., Whittle, S., Schwartz, O., O’brien-simpson, N. M., Walsh, K. A., Reynolds, E. C., & Allen, N. B. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12281 · Cited by 17
Prospective data from the Women’s Health Initiative on depressive symptoms, stress, and inflammation
Jones, S. M. W., Weitlauf, J. C., Danhauer, S. C., Qi, L., Zaslavsky, O., Wassertheil-Smoller, S. W., Brenes, G. A., & LaCroix, A. Z. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315603701 · Cited by 13
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Au B, Smith KJ, Gariepy G, Schmitz N. The longitudinal associations between C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30:976–84. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Marx, W., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Solmi, M., Furukawa, T. A., Firth, J., Carvalho, A. F., & Berk, M. (2023) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1 · Cited by 910
Milaneschi, Y., Kappelmann, N., Ye, Z., Lamers, F., Moser, S., Jones, P. B., Burgess, S., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Khandaker, G. M. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01188-w · Cited by 385
Cai, H. X., Jin, Y., Liu, R., Zhang, Q., Su, Z., Ungvari, G. S., Tang, Y., Ng, C. H., Li, X., & Xiang, Y. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103417 · Cited by 373
Obesity and psychological distress
Steptoe, A., & Frank, P. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2022.0225 · Cited by 173
Giollabhui, N. M., Ellman, L. M., Coe, C. L., Byrne, M. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.023 · Cited by 130
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mac Giollabhui, N., Ng, T. H., Ellman, L. M., & Alloy, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alloy, Lauren B.
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2020-08-17
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3302-3314
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC7887136
- OpenAlex
- W3049499252
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH101168, MH079369, F31MH118808, MH118545, MH096478)
- American Psychological Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- depression, inflammatory markers, interleukin-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, innate immune system, prospective associations, depressive symptoms, infection, community sample
- MeSH terms
- Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Humans, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
