The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does relapse contribute to treatment resistance? antipsychotic response in first- vs. second-episode schizophrenia.
Open accessAbstract
Although some studies have suggested that relapse may be associated with antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia, the number and quality of studies is limited. The current analysis included patients with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who met the following criteria: (1) referral to the First-Episode Psychosis Program between 2003 and 2013; (2) treatment with an oral second-generation antipsychotic according to a standardized treatment algorithm; (3) positive symptom remission; (4) subsequent relapse (i.e., second episode) in association with non-adherence; and (5) reintroduction of antipsychotic treatment with the same agent used to achieve response in the first episode. The following outcomes were used as an index of antipsychotic treatment response: changes in the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) total and positive symptom scores and number of patients who achieved positive symptom remission and 20 and 50% response. A total of 130 patients were included in the analyses. Although all patients took the same antipsychotic in both episodes, there were significant episode-by-time interactions for all outcomes of antipsychotic treatment response over 1 year in favor of the first episode compared to the second episode (50% response rate: 48.7 vs. 10.4% at week 7; 88.2 vs. 27.8% at week 27, respectively). Although antipsychotic doses in the second episode were significantly higher than those in the first episode, results remained unchanged after adjusting for antipsychotic dose. The present findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment response is reduced or delayed in the face of relapse following effective treatment of the first episode of schizophrenia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For patients with early-phase illness, an additional consequence is that prospective studies 7 report that second episodes of psychosis in the same individual respond less well to the same treatment than the first episode.”
From Effect of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics vs Usual Care on Time to First Hospitalization in Early-Phase Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Relapses may also lead to reduced response to previously effective antipsychotics, potentially contributing to treatment resistance [10–12].”
From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799 · Cited by 11,090
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899
Leucht, S., Kane, J., Kissling, W., Hamann, J., Etschel, E., & Engel, R. R. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.008 · Cited by 1,230
Howes, O. D., McCutcheon, R. A., Agid, O., de Bartolomeis, A., van Beveren, N. J. M., Birnbaum, M. L., Bloomfield, M., Bressan, R. A., Buchanan, R. W., Carpenter, W. T., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16050503 · Cited by 1,187
Self-citationLeucht, S., Tardy, M., Komossa, K., Heres, S., Kissling, W., Salanti, G., & Davis, J. M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60239-6 · Cited by 931
Natural Course of Schizophrenic Disorders: A 15-Year Followup of a Dutch Incidence Cohort
Wiersma, D., Nienhuis, F. J., Slooff, C. J., & Giel, R. (1998) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033315 · Cited by 649
Higashi, K., Medić, G., Littlewood, K. J., Díez, T., Granström, O., & Binder, M. D. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/2045125312474019 · Cited by 626
Leucht, S., Leucht, C., Huhn, M., Chaimani, A., Mavridis, D., Helfer, B., Samara, M., Rabaioli, M., Bächer, S., Cipriani, A., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121358 · Cited by 542
Kishimoto, T., Nitta, M., Borenstein, M., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13r08440 · Cited by 427
Kishimoto, T., Robenzadeh, A., Leucht, C., Leucht, S., Watanabe, K., Mimura, M., Borenstein, M., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs150 · Cited by 404
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field
Abi‐Dargham, A., Moeller, S. J., Ali, F., DeLorenzo, C., Domschke, K., Horga, G., Jutla, A., Kotov, R., Paulus, M. P., Rubio, J. M., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21078 · Cited by 421
Potkin, S. G., Kane, J. M., Correll, C. U., Lindenmayer, J.-P., Agid, O., Marder, S. R., Olfson, M., & Howes, O. D. (2020) · npj Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-019-0090-z · Cited by 359
Self-citationKane, J. M., Schooler, N. R., Marcy, P., Correll, C. U., Achtyes, E. D., Gibbons, R. D., & Robinson, D. G. (2020) · JAMA psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2076 · Cited by 208
Correll, C. U., Kim, E., Sliwa, J. K., Hamm, W., Gopal, S., Mathews, M., Venkatasubramanian, R., & Saklad, S. R. (2021) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00779-5 · Cited by 205
Rubio, J., Schoretsanitis, G., John, M., Tiihonen, J., Taipale, H., Guinart, D., Malhotra, A., Correll, C., & Kane, J. (2020) · Lancet psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30264-9 · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- Takeuchi, H., Siu, C., Remington, G., Fervaha, G., Zipursky, R. B., Foussias, G., & Agid, O.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Agid, Ofer
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2018-11-22
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1036-1042
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC6462044
- OpenAlex
- W2901006613
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 12.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology
- Sunovion
- Neurocrine Biosciences
- Mylan
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Astellas Pharma
- Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, relapse, treatment resistance, antipsychotic treatment response, first-episode psychosis, schizoaffective disorder, atypical antipsychotics, medication adherence, antipsychotic dosing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Psychotic Disorders, Recurrence, Remission Induction, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Disease Progression, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
