The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 promotes breast cancer metastasis by facilitating tumor cell intravasation
Open accessAbstract
The chemokine CXCL12 has been shown to regulate breast tumor growth, however, its mechanism in initiating distant metastasis is not well understood. Here, we generated a novel conditional allele of Cxcl12 in mice and used a fibroblast-specific Cre transgene along with various mammary tumor models to evaluate CXCL12 function in the breast cancer metastasis. Ablation of CXCL12 in stromal fibroblasts of mice significantly delayed the time to tumor onset and inhibited distant metastasis in different mouse models. Elucidation of mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo model systems revealed that CXCL12 enhances tumor cell intravasation by increasing vascular permeability and expansion of a leaky tumor vasculature. Furthermore, our studies revealed CXCL12 enhances permeability by recruiting endothelial precursor cells and decreasing endothelial tight junction and adherence junction proteins. High expression of stromal CXCL12 in large cohort of breast cancer patients was directly correlated to blood vessel density and inversely correlated to recurrence and overall patient survival. In addition, our analysis revealed that stromal CXCL12 levels in combination with number of CD31+ blood vessels confers poorer patient survival compared to individual protein level. However, no correlation was observed between epithelial CXCL12 and patient survival or blood vessel density. Our findings describe the novel interactions between fibroblasts-derived CXCL12 and endothelial cells in facilitating tumor cell intrvasation, leading to distant metastasis. Overall, our studies indicate that cross-talk between fibroblast-derived CXCL12 and endothelial cells could be used as novel biomarker and strategy for developing tumor microenvironment based therapies against aggressive and metastatic breast cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Various observations highlight activities of TGF-β on endothelial cells that may promote or repress angiogenesis, depending on the experimental setting264–266.”
From TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [264]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis
Asahara, T., Murohara, T., Sullivan, A., Silver, M., van der Zee, R., Li, T., Witzenbichler, B., Schatteman, G., & Isner, J. M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5302.964 · Cited by 8,725
Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis — Correlation in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Weidner, N., Semple, J. P., Welch, W. R., & Folkman, J. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199101033240101 · Cited by 5,598
Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis
Müller, A., Homey, B., Soto, H., Ge, N., Catron, D., Buchanan, M. E., McClanahan, T., Murphy, E., Yuan, W., Wagner, S. N., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35065016 · Cited by 5,340
Accessories to the Crime: Functions of Cells Recruited to the Tumor Microenvironment
Hanahan, D., & Coussens, L. M. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.022 · Cited by 4,632 · cited 1×
“These secretomes can directly engage tumor cells, but can also reprogram other cell types in the TME, including macrophages, immune cells and endothelial cells to indirectly impact tumor cell invasion and metastasis [7].”
Orimo, A., Gupta, P. B., Sgroi, D. C., Arenzana-Seisdedos, F., Delaunay, T., Naeem, R., Carey, V. J., Richardson, A. L., & Weinberg, R. A. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.034 · Cited by 3,759
Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization
Nguyen, D. X., Bos, P. D., & Massagué, J. (2009) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2622 · Cited by 2,716
Takahashi, T., Kalka, C., Masuda, H., Chen, D., Silver, M., Kearney, M., Magner, M., Isner, J. M., & Asahara, T. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/7434 · Cited by 2,421
Nagasawa, T., Hirota, S., Tachibana, K., Takakura, N., Nishikawa, S.-I., Kitamura, Y., Yoshida, N., Kikutani, H., & Kishimoto, T. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382635a0 · Cited by 2,382
Feig, C., Jones, J. O., Kraman, M., Wells, R. J. B., Deonarine, A., Chan, D. S., Connell, C. M., Roberts, E. W., Zhao, Q., Caballero, O. L., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1320318110 · Cited by 2,100
Weidner, N., Folkman, J., Pozza, F., Bevilacqua, P., Allred, E. N., Moore, D. H., Meli, S., & Gasparini, G. (1992) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/84.24.1875 · Cited by 1,776
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–165 of 165
Pérez‐Cárdenas, E., Taja‐Chayeb, L., Trejo‐Becerril, C., Chanona-Vilchis, J. G., Chávez-Blanco, A. D., Domínguez-Gómez, G., Langley, E., García-Carrancá, A. M., & Dueñas‐González, A. (2018) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s187306 · Cited by 7
Ortiz, G. G. R., Ciongradi, C. I., Chaitanya, M., Narayanan, J., Mohany, M., Al-Rejaie, S. S., Arias‐Gonzáles, J. L., Sârbu, I., Assefi, M., Akram, S. V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1189527 · Cited by 6
RetractedBuchynska, L. G., Movchan, O., & Iurchenko, N. P. (2021) · Experimental Oncology · doi:10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-43-no-2.16240 · Cited by 6
Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts
Hu, Y., Liang, J.-J., Duan, L., Zhu, J., Shan, G., Cheng, T., Wu, Y., Tan, L., & Zhan, C. (2026) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-026-01801-x · Cited by 6
Rapid low-cost assembly of modular microvessel-on-a-chip with benchtop xurography
Agarwal, S., Cortes-Medina, M. G., Holter, J. C., Avendano, A., Tinapple, J. W., Barlage, J. M., Menyhert, M. M., Onua, L. M., & Song, J. W. (2024) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d4lc00565a · Cited by 7
Molecular sensors for detection of tumor-stroma crosstalk
Fuller, B. T., Buczynksi, E. M., Beshay, P. E., & Song, J. W. (2022) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.001 · Cited by 5
Zhao, D., Yu, X., Huang, H., Zou, S., Zhu, P., Lin, Y., Song, M., Fu, F., & Yang, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1475979 · Cited by 5
Chen, X., Liu, Q., Cen, Y., Yu, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Li, J., Tang, Y., Miao, Y., Guo, N., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202423200 · Cited by 4
Integrating Nanorobotics with Biophysics for Cancer Treatment
Malviya, R., Yadav, D., Sundram, S., Kadry, S., & VIRK, G. S. (2024) · Institute of Physics eBooks · doi:10.1088/978-0-7503-6019-7 · Cited by 4
Roles of Chemokine Axes in Breast Cancer
Son, D., & Adunyah, S. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2910358 · Cited by 3
Papiewska‐Pająk, I., Kassassir, H., Moczkowska, W., Braun, M., Rybicka, A., Boncela, J., & Kowalska, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06858-9 · Cited by 3
miRNAs as key modulators between normal cells and tumor microenvironment interactions
Nour, S. M., Abbasi, N., Sadi, S., Ravan, N., Alipourian, A., Yarizadeh, M., Soofi, A., Ataei, A., & Tehrany, P. M. (2023) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.14285 · Cited by 3
Gong, W., Martin, T. A., Sanders, A. J., Hargest, R., Jiang, A., Sun, P., & Jiang, W. G. (2020) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2020.12401 · Cited by 3
miR-200 deficiency promotes lung cancer metastasis by activating cancer-associated fibroblastsPreprint
Xue, B., Chuang, C.-H., Prosser, H. M., Fuziwara, C. S., Chan, C., Sahasrabudhe, N. S., Kühn, M., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Biton, A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.276550 · Cited by 4
Sanjaya, A., Gunadi, J. W., Ratnawati, H., Susanto, J. M., & Mianto, N. A. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02902-2 · Cited by 2
Genome-wide linkage mapping of Fusarium crown rot in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Li, F., Guo, C. J., Zhao, Q., Wen, W., Zhai, S., Cao, X., Liu, C., Cheng, D., Guo, J., Zi, Y., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1457437 · Cited by 2
Antón, I. M., Wandosell, F. G., & Vicente‐Manzanares, M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90195-6.00002-4 · Cited by 2
Microfluidic Models of the Tumor Microenvironment
Chang, C.-S., Holter, J. C., & Song, J. W. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781839166013-00252 · Cited by 2
Breast cancer invasion by microRNAs aidPreprint
Bedi, A. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.170000970.06816647/v1 · Cited by 2
CXCL12-mediated T cell infiltration drives breast cancer metastasis
Liu, X., Chen, C., Liu, L., Tang, J., Zhang, H., Jin, G., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-026-02126-2 · Cited by 1
Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer III: Fundamentals of How Metastasis Arises
Brücher, B. L. D. M., & Jamall, I. S. (2025) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.33594/000000826 · Cited by 1
The vascular niche: an orchestrator of the spatiotemporal dynamics of distant metastasis
Miao, Q., Chen, R., Zhang, D.-M., Zhang, J.-Q., & Chen, M.-F. (2026) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-026-01820-x · Cited by 1
Anastasiadou, D. P., Couturier, N., Goel, S., Argyris, D. G., Vodopyanov, S., Sanchez, L. R., Gonzalez, E., Kreger, J., Griffen, A. J., Kazakov, A., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618571 · Cited by 1
Joint imputation and deconvolution of gene expression across spatial transcriptomics platformsPreprint
Zheng, H., Sarkar, H., & Raphael, B. J. (2025) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.280555.125 · Cited by 1
Méndez‐Ferrer, S. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.735810574.793575317
Modelos de matriz extracelular de carcinoma mamário canino
Campanelli, T. V. D. B. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.10.2023.tde-05052023-112923
Unveiling the Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer InvasionPreprint
Ahluwalia, K. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.170000970.04000451/v1
Rapid low-cost assembly of modular microvessel-on-a-chip with benchtop xurographyPreprint
Song, J. W., Agarwal, S., Cortes-Medina, M. G., Holter, J. C., Avendano, A., Tinapple, J. W., Barlage, J. M., Menyhert, M. M., & Onua, L. M. (2024) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-bvslm
CXCL10-related T lymphocyte infiltration and breast cancer metastasis are regulated by CXCL12Preprint
Liu, X., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Zhang, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4686409/v1
Self-citationCXCL12 inhibited T lymphocyte infiltration and promoted breast cancer metastasisPreprint
Liu, X., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Zhang, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786339/v1
Self-citationCXCL12 regulates breast cancer metastasis and T lymphocyte infiltrationPreprint
Liu, X., Chen, Y., Tang, J.-W., Zhang, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5321026/v1
Self-citationDeng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26698381
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777482
Li, J., Gu, X., Wan, G., Wang, Y., Chen, K., Chen, Q., & Lu, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26581244
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777473
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777494
Li, J., Gu, X., Wan, G., Wang, Y., Chen, K., Chen, Q., & Lu, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26581247
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777476
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777488
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777461
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777464
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777491
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777497
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777479
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777467
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777485
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26697274
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T. T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26777470
Cui, A., Fan, W., Huang, T., Li, X., Xiong, W., Wang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153129
Wilson, R. A., & Miller, J. S. (2022) · Archive of International Journal of Cancer and Allied Science · doi:10.51847/s9pu4wz8wd
Tang, Z., Zhao, J., Huang, X., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., & Li, L. (2026) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-026-02329-2
Liu, S., Liu, A., Zhang, L., Li, J., Cao, X., Yu, P., Han, Y., & Liu, J. (2026) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-026-02248-1
Fibroblastic heterogeneity and metastatic spread in breast cancers
Pelon, F. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/829dfe15z9dbfz4622za60cz77fac9fc8a96
The potential directing role of chemokines for specific metastatic sites in breast cancer
Ayoub, A. M., El-Houseini, M. E., Tharwat, E., Bayomy, M. F. F., & Abdellateif, M. S. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45036-9
Targeting mir130b-IL-33-PD-L1 axis effectively inhibits esophageal squamous carcinoma progression
Yue, Y., Xian, W., Yuan, Y., Wang, X., Wu, P., Sha, X., & Yue, X. (2026) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102786
Mechano-regulation of tumor metastasis: from intravasation to extravasation
Zhang, C., Liu, Z., Li, X., Li, S., & Tan, Y. (2026) · Med-X · doi:10.1007/s44258-026-00091-9
Cytokine Regulation of the Bone Pre- and Metastatic Niches: Implications for Breast Cancer Dormancy
Clover, T. A., Price, M. L., Quayle, L. A., Maitre, C. L. L., & Ottewell, P. D. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15171528
Jun, H., Zhang, S., Zhang, D., Wu, L., & Zan, X. (2026) · Clinical Breast Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2026.08.011
Wei, S., Xie, X., Cao, Y., & Wei, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1977793
Wan, H. S., Yang, P., Hou, S., Wang, J. X., & Zhou, X. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757371
Yu, J., Yang, H., & Zhu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1990436
Huang, Q., Guo, Y., Yin, S., Gan, L., Liu, Z., Ru, W., Lu, Y., Di, S., Nie, F., Yao, S., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959437
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahirwar, D. K., Nasser, M. W., Ouseph, M. M., Elbaz, M., Cuitiño, M. C., Kladney, R. D., Varikuti, S., Kaul, K., Satoskar, A. R., Ramaswamy, B., Zhang, X., Ostrowski, M. C., Leone, G., & Ganju, R. K.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leone, Gustavo
- Ganju, Ramesh K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Oncogene
- Published
- 2018-05-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 32
- Pages
- 4428-4442
- ISSN
- 0950-9232 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5594
- PMC
- PMC7063845
- OpenAlex
- W2800801906
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Oncogene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- Ohio State University
- Pelotonia
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA153490, R01CA109527, P01CA097189)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- CXCL12, breast cancer metastasis, tumor cell intravasation, tumor stromal fibroblasts, vascular permeability, tumor vasculature, endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial tight junctions, blood vessel density, patient survival, tumor microenvironment, conditional alleles
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Female, Fibroblasts, Mice, Transgenic, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal, Endothelial Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Chemokine CXCL12, Tumor Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review