The DOI matches its Crossref record; 259 of the 259 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management
Open accessAbstract
Since their invention in the early 2000s, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have gained prominence as the most effective pathway-directed anti-cancer agents. TKIs have shown significant utility in the treatment of multiple hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-small cell lung cancers, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and HER2-positive breast cancers. Given their widespread applications, an increasing frequency of TKI-induced adverse effects has been reported. Although TKIs are known to affect multiple organs in the body including the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, thyroid, blood, and skin, cardiac involvement accounts for some of the most serious complications. The most frequently reported cardiovascular side effects range from hypertension, atrial fibrillation, reduced cardiac function, and heart failure to sudden death. The potential mechanisms of these side effects are unclear, leading to critical knowledge gaps in the development of effective therapy and treatment guidelines. There are limited data to infer the best clinical approaches for the early detection and therapeutic modulation of TKI-induced side effects, and universal consensus regarding various management guidelines is yet to be reached. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and curate evidence on the pathophysiology, mechanisms, and clinical management of these adverse reactions. We expect that this review will provide researchers and allied healthcare providers with the most up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, natural history, risk stratification, and management of emerging TKI-induced side effects in cancer patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Slamon, D. J., Leyland-Jones, B., Shak, S., Fuchs, H., Paton, V., Bajamonde, A., Fleming, T., Eiermann, W., Wolter, J., Pegram, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103153441101 · Cited by 11,500
Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Hurwitz, H., Fehrenbacher, L., Novotny, W., Cartwright, T., Hainsworth, J., Heim, W., Berlin, J., Baron, A., Griffing, S., Holmgren, E., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032691 · Cited by 10,968 · cited 1×
“Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used as targeted therapies are designed to perturb the cellular pathways that regulate malignant cell growth.(1) TKI can be generally categorized into small molecules and macromolecules (e.”
BackgroundAntithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease
Kearon, C., Akl, E. A., Ornelas, J., Blaivas, A., Jimenez, D., Bounameaux, H., Huisman, M., King, C. S., Morris, T. A., Sood, N., et al. (2016) · Chest · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 · Cited by 4,830
Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma
Rini, B. I., Plimack, E. R., Stus, V., Gafanov, R., Hawkins, R., Nosov, D., Pouliot, F., Alekseev, B., Soulières, D., Melichar, B., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1816714 · Cited by 3,403
Adjuvant Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Slamon, D., Eiermann, W., Robert, N., Pienkowski, T., Martin, M., Press, M., Mackey, J., Glaspy, J., Chan, A., Pawlicki, M., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0910383 · Cited by 2,775
Zamorano, J. L., Lancellotti, P., Rodriguez Muñoz, D., Aboyans, V., Asteggiano, R., Galderisi, M., Habib, G., Lenihan, D. J., Lip, G. Y. H., Lyon, A. R., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw211 · Cited by 2,544
Mendel, D. B., Laird, A., Xin, X., Louie, S. G., Christensen, J. G., Li, G., Schreck, R., Abrams, T. J., Ngai, T. J., Lee, L. B., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 1,961
Plana, J. C., Galderisi, M., Barac, A., Ewer, M. S., Ky, B., Scherrer-Crosbie, M., Ganame, J., Sebag, I. A., Agler, D. A., Badano, L. P., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.07.012 · Cited by 1,795
Zamorano, J. L., Lancellotti, P., Rodriguez Muñoz, D., Aboyans, V., Asteggiano, R., Galderisi, M., Habib, G., Lenihan, D. J., Lip, G. Y. H., Lyon, A. R., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.654 · Cited by 1,795
Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives
Zhong, L., Li, Y., Xiong, L., Wang, W., Wu, M., Yuan, T., Yang, W., Tian, C., Miao, Z., Wang, T., et al. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00572-w · Cited by 1,696
Cited by
Jain, A. B., & Lai, V. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01628-0 · Cited by 32
Impact of BCR::ABL1 single nucleotide variants on asciminib efficacy
Innes, A. J., Hayden, C., Orovboni, V., Claudiani, S., Fernando, F., Khan, A., Rees, D., Byrne, J., Gallipoli, P., Francis, S., et al. (2024) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-024-02411-7 · Cited by 13
Proteolysis targeting chimeras as senolytics: An emerging senotherapy for combating aging
Cruickshank-Taylor, A. B., Kozora, J. S., Carew, J. S., Nawrocki, S. T., & Wang, W. (2025) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103752 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Shyam Sunder, S., Sharma, U. C., & Pokharel, S.
- Venue
- Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
- Published
- 2023-07-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 262-262
- ISSN
- 2059-3635 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4383315118
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 259
- FWCI
- 89.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41392-023-01469-6
- The paper
- Shyam Sunder, S., Sharma, U. C., & Pokharel, S. (2023). Adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: pathophysiology, mechanisms and clinical management. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01469-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.