Inhibiting Lysine 353 Oxidation of GRP78 by a Hypochlorous Probe Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Promotes Autophagy in Cancer Cells
Open accessAbstract
The level of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in cancer cells is higher than that in non-cancer cells. HOCl is an essential signal for the regulation of cell fate and works mainly through the protein post-translational modifications in cancer cells. However, the mechanism of HOCl regulating autophagy has not been clarified. Here we reported that a HOCl probe named ZBM-H targeted endoplasmic reticulum and induced an intact autophagy flux in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ZBM-H promoted the binding of GRP78 to AMPK and increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GRP78 knockdown inhibited ZBM-H-induced AMPK phosphorylation and ZBM-H-stimulated autophagy. In addition, mass spectrometry combined with point mutation experiments revealed that ZBM-H increased GRP78 activity by inhibiting HOCl-induced lysine 353 oxidation of GRP78. Following ZBM-H treatment in vitro and in vivo, cell growth was significantly inhibited while apoptosis was induced. Nevertheless, exogenous HOCl partially reversed ZBM-H-inhibited cell growth and ZBM-H-induced GRP78 activation. In brief, we found that an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted HOCl probe named ZBM-H, acting through attenuating HOCl-induced GRP78 oxidation, inhibited tumor cell survival by promoting autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, these data demonstrated a novel mechanism of hypochlorous acid regulating autophagy by promoting the oxidation modification of GRP78.
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- Authors
- Ning, J., Lin, Z., Zhao, X., Zhao, B., & Miao, J.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Venue
- Cell Death & Disease
- Published
- 2019-11-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 858-858
- ISSN
- 2041-4889 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6851114
- OpenAlex
- W2988860320
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cell Death and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870831, 31741083, 31871407)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- hypochlorous acid, GRP78, autophagy, AMPK phosphorylation, lung cancer, apoptosis, protein oxidation, tumor cell growth inhibition
- MeSH terms
- A549 Cells, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP, Autophagy, Cell Survival, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Hypochlorous Acid, Lung Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Cell Lineage, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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