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miR-188-3p targets skeletal endothelium coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during ageing

He, Wen-Zhen, Yang, Mi, Jiang, Yangzi, He, Chen, Sun, Yu-Chen, Liu, Ling, Huang, Mei, Jiao, Yu-Rui, Chen, Kai-Xuan, Hou, Jing, Huang, Min, Xu, Yi-Li, Feng, Xu, Liu, Ya, Guo, Qi, Peng, Hui, Huang, Yan, Su, Tian, Xiao, Ye, Li, Yusheng, Zeng, Chao, Lei, Guanghua, Luo, Xiang-Hang, Li, Chang-Jun·2022·Cell Death & Disease
DOI 10.1038/s41419-022-04902-wPMC PMC9130327
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Abstract

A specific bone capillary subtype, namely type H vessels, with high expression of CD31 and endomucin, was shown to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis recently. The number of type H vessels in bone tissue declines with age, and the underlying mechanism for this reduction is unclear. Here, we report that microRNA-188-3p (miR-188-3p) involves this process. miRNA-188-3p expression is upregulated in skeletal endothelium and negatively regulates the formation of type H vessels during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-188 showed an alleviated age-related decline in type H vessels. In contrast, endothelial-specific overexpression of miR-188-3p reduced the number of type H vessels, leading to decreased bone mass and delayed bone regeneration. Mechanistically, we found that miR-188 inhibits type H vessel formation by directly targeting integrin β3 in endothelial cells. Our findings indicate that miR-188-3p is a key regulator of type H vessel formation and may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing bone loss and accelerating bone regeneration.

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Figures

Fig. 1 miR-188 knockout mice showed an alleviated decline in type H vessels with age. A Representative images of coimmunostaining of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) in femur sections from 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and miR-188 knockout (Mir188−/−) mice. Scale bar = 100 µm. B Quantification of type H vessels in femur sections from 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. n = 4 mice in each group. C Representative images of Flow-cytometry analysis dot plot from the long bones of 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. D Quantitative flow-cytometry analysis of CD31high and Emcnhigh cells from the long bones of 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. n = 3 (1-month Mir188−/− mice and 6-month WT mice), n = 4 (1-month WT mice, 6-month Mir188−/− mice, 15-month WT mice and 15-month Mir188−/− mice). gp growth plate, mp metaphysis, mo month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; **P < 0.01 by Student’s t test.
Fig. 1 miR-188 knockout mice showed an alleviated decline in type H vessels with age. A Representative images of coimmunostaining of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) in femur sections from 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and miR-188 knockout (Mir188−/−) mice. Scale bar = 100 µm. B Quantification of type H vessels in femur sections from 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. n = 4 mice in each group. C Representative images of Flow-cytometry analysis dot plot from the long bones of 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. D Quantitative flow-cytometry analysis of CD31high and Emcnhigh cells from the long bones of 1-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT and Mir188−/− mice. n = 3 (1-month Mir188−/− mice and 6-month WT mice), n = 4 (1-month WT mice, 6-month Mir188−/− mice, 15-month WT mice and 15-month Mir188−/− mice). gp growth plate, mp metaphysis, mo month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; **P < 0.01 by Student’s t test.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 miR-188-3p expression increased during senescence and inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. A The expression of miR-188-3p in primary endothelial progenitor cells from the age-indicated male C57BL/6 mice. n = 3 in each group. B Representative images of β-gal staining from HMEC-1 treated with PBS or H2O2. Scale bar = 200 µm. C–G The relative expression of Ink4a-p16 and SASP factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) in the HMEC-1 cells treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. H–K Images of western blotting (H) and quantitative analysis of P53, P-P53, γ-H2AX protein expression levels (I–K) in the HMEC-1 cells treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. L The expression of miR-188-3p in HMEC-1 treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. M Representative images of tube formation assays from the groups transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. Scale bar = 500 μm. N, O Quantification of tube junction numbers (N) and total master segment length (O) in the tube formation assays of the indicated groups. n = 3 miR-188-3p mimic-treated groups, n = 4 miRNA-NC-treated groups. P, Q Representative images (P) and wound healing percentage (Q) of the endothelial cell line transfected with miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC in the wound healing assays. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 3 in each group. R, S Representative images (R) and quantitative analysis (S) of the migrated cells from a Transwell migration assay. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 4 miR-188-3p-treated group, n = 5 miRNA-NC-treated group. T, U The relative expression of Emcn (T) and CD31 (U) in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. NC: treated with miRNA-NC, miR-188-3p mimics: treated with miR-188-3p mimics. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test or Welch’s t test.
Fig. 2 miR-188-3p expression increased during senescence and inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. A The expression of miR-188-3p in primary endothelial progenitor cells from the age-indicated male C57BL/6 mice. n = 3 in each group. B Representative images of β-gal staining from HMEC-1 treated with PBS or H2O2. Scale bar = 200 µm. C–G The relative expression of Ink4a-p16 and SASP factors (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) in the HMEC-1 cells treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. H–K Images of western blotting (H) and quantitative analysis of P53, P-P53, γ-H2AX protein expression levels (I–K) in the HMEC-1 cells treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. L The expression of miR-188-3p in HMEC-1 treated with PBS or H2O2. n = 3 in each group. M Representative images of tube formation assays from the groups transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. Scale bar = 500 μm. N, O Quantification of tube junction numbers (N) and total master segment length (O) in the tube formation assays of the indicated groups. n = 3 miR-188-3p mimic-treated groups, n = 4 miRNA-NC-treated groups. P, Q Representative images (P) and wound healing percentage (Q) of the endothelial cell line transfected with miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC in the wound healing assays. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 3 in each group. R, S Representative images (R) and quantitative analysis (S) of the migrated cells from a Transwell migration assay. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 4 miR-188-3p-treated group, n = 5 miRNA-NC-treated group. T, U The relative expression of Emcn (T) and CD31 (U) in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. NC: treated with miRNA-NC, miR-188-3p mimics: treated with miR-188-3p mimics. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test or Welch’s t test.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression showed reduced type H vessels and bone mass. A Representative images of Emcn (red) and GFP (green) immunostaining. Scale bar = 50 μm. B Representative images of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of femur sections from the indicated groups. Scale bar = 75 μm. C Quantification of the type H vessels in femur sections. n = 3 in each group. D–H Representative microcomputed tomography (μCT) images (D) and quantitative μCT analysis (E–H) of trabecular bone microarchitecture in femora from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. n = 10 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 14 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. I Representative images of haematoxylin-eosin staining in femora of the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 500 μm. J, K Representative images (J) and quantitative analysis (K) of osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 50 μm. n = 4 in each group. L, M Representative images (L) and quantitative analysis (M) of TRAP staining from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. TIE-NC OE overexpression of miRNA-NC in endothelial cells, TIE-3P OE overexpression of miR-188-3p in endothelial cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.
Fig. 3 Mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression showed reduced type H vessels and bone mass. A Representative images of Emcn (red) and GFP (green) immunostaining. Scale bar = 50 μm. B Representative images of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of femur sections from the indicated groups. Scale bar = 75 μm. C Quantification of the type H vessels in femur sections. n = 3 in each group. D–H Representative microcomputed tomography (μCT) images (D) and quantitative μCT analysis (E–H) of trabecular bone microarchitecture in femora from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. n = 10 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 14 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. I Representative images of haematoxylin-eosin staining in femora of the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 500 μm. J, K Representative images (J) and quantitative analysis (K) of osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 50 μm. n = 4 in each group. L, M Representative images (L) and quantitative analysis (M) of TRAP staining from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. TIE-NC OE overexpression of miRNA-NC in endothelial cells, TIE-3P OE overexpression of miR-188-3p in endothelial cells. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression showed reduced type H vessels and delayed bone regeneration during bone damage repair. A Representative μCT images of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone regeneration area from 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice 0 days and 7 days after surgery. B–E Quantification of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the femora of the bone generation area from 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice. n = 9 (3-month-old mice), n = 10 (12-month-old mice). F, G Representative images (F) and quantitative analysis (G) of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the indicated mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 3 in each group. H, I Representative images (H) and quantitative analysis (I) of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 5 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 3 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. J–N Representative μCT images (J) and quantification (K–N) of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. n = 10 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 11 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. O Representative images of haematoxylin-eosin staining in the bone generation area of the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 500 μm. P, Q Representative images (P) and quantitative analysis (Q) of osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. R, S Representative images (R) and quantitative analysis (S) of TRAP staining in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. TIE-NC OE overexpression of miRNA-NC in endothelial cells, TIE-3P OE overexpression of miR-188-3p in endothelial cells. BRA bone regeneration, mo month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA in (G), and two-tailed Student’s t test or Welch’s t test in the rest panels.
Fig. 4 Mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression showed reduced type H vessels and delayed bone regeneration during bone damage repair. A Representative μCT images of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone regeneration area from 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice 0 days and 7 days after surgery. B–E Quantification of the trabecular bone microarchitecture in the femora of the bone generation area from 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice. n = 9 (3-month-old mice), n = 10 (12-month-old mice). F, G Representative images (F) and quantitative analysis (G) of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the indicated mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 3 in each group. H, I Representative images (H) and quantitative analysis (I) of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 5 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 3 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. J–N Representative μCT images (J) and quantification (K–N) of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. n = 10 mice with endothelial cell-specific miRNA-NC overexpression, n = 11 mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p overexpression. O Representative images of haematoxylin-eosin staining in the bone generation area of the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 500 μm. P, Q Representative images (P) and quantitative analysis (Q) of osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. R, S Representative images (R) and quantitative analysis (S) of TRAP staining in the bone generation area from the 3-month-old mice with endothelial cell-specific miR-188-3p or miRNA-NC overexpression. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 in each group. TIE-NC OE overexpression of miRNA-NC in endothelial cells, TIE-3P OE overexpression of miR-188-3p in endothelial cells. BRA bone regeneration, mo month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA in (G), and two-tailed Student’s t test or Welch’s t test in the rest panels.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Mice with knockout miR-188 showed more type H vessels and accelerated bone regeneration during bone damage repair. A Representative images of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the indicated mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. B Quantitative analysis of type H vessels in the bone regeneration area of femora from the indicated mice. n = 3 (3-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice), n = 4 (6-month-old and 15-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice). C Representative μCT images of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone regeneration area from 3-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice 0 days and 7 days after surgery. D–G Quantitative analysis of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone generation area from the indicated mice. n = 4 (3-month WT mice), n = 6 (3-month miR188−/− mice and 6-month WT mice), n = 5 (6-month miR188−/− mice), n = 10 (15-month WT mice), n = 8 (15-month miR188−/− mice). BRA: bone regeneration; mo: month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.
Fig. 5 Mice with knockout miR-188 showed more type H vessels and accelerated bone regeneration during bone damage repair. A Representative images of Emcn (red) and CD31 (green) immunostaining of the bone regeneration area in femur sections from the indicated mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. B Quantitative analysis of type H vessels in the bone regeneration area of femora from the indicated mice. n = 3 (3-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice), n = 4 (6-month-old and 15-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice). C Representative μCT images of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone regeneration area from 3-month-, 6-month-, and 15-month-old WT or miR188−/− mice 0 days and 7 days after surgery. D–G Quantitative analysis of trabecular bone microarchitecture in the bone generation area from the indicated mice. n = 4 (3-month WT mice), n = 6 (3-month miR188−/− mice and 6-month WT mice), n = 5 (6-month miR188−/− mice), n = 10 (15-month WT mice), n = 8 (15-month miR188−/− mice). BRA: bone regeneration; mo: month. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 miR-188-3p inhibited angiogenesis by targeting ITGβ3. A, B Western blotting analysis of the potential and angiogenesis-related targets of miR-188-3p expression in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. C Schematic of miR-188 targeting the 3′UTR of ITGβ3 mRNA. D The luciferase activity of luciferase reporter plasmids containing ITGβ3-WT 3′UTR and ITGβ3-MUT 3′UTR cotransfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC in HMEC-1 cells. n = 3 in each group. E, F Representative images of Western blotting (E) and quantitative analysis of ITGβ3 protein expression levels (F) in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. G Quantitative analysis of ITGβ3 mRNA expression levels in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC. n = 4 in each group. H–J Representative images (H) and quantification (I, J) of tube junction numbers and total master segments length of tube formation assay from the indicated groups. Scale bar = 400 μm. n = 3 in each group. K, L Representative images (K) and wound healing percentage (L) of the HMECs transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC in the wound healing assays. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 3 in each group. M, N Representative images (M) and quantification (N) of migrated cells from a Transwell migration assay. Scale bar = 200 μm. n = 3 in each group. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.
Fig. 6 miR-188-3p inhibited angiogenesis by targeting ITGβ3. A, B Western blotting analysis of the potential and angiogenesis-related targets of miR-188-3p expression in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. C Schematic of miR-188 targeting the 3′UTR of ITGβ3 mRNA. D The luciferase activity of luciferase reporter plasmids containing ITGβ3-WT 3′UTR and ITGβ3-MUT 3′UTR cotransfected with miR-188-3p mimics or miRNA-NC in HMEC-1 cells. n = 3 in each group. E, F Representative images of Western blotting (E) and quantitative analysis of ITGβ3 protein expression levels (F) in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC. n = 3 in each group. G Quantitative analysis of ITGβ3 mRNA expression levels in the HMEC-1 cells transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC. n = 4 in each group. H–J Representative images (H) and quantification (I, J) of tube junction numbers and total master segments length of tube formation assay from the indicated groups. Scale bar = 400 μm. n = 3 in each group. K, L Representative images (K) and wound healing percentage (L) of the HMECs transfected with ITGβ3-siRNA or siRNA-NC in the wound healing assays. Scale bar = 500 μm. n = 3 in each group. M, N Representative images (M) and quantification (N) of migrated cells from a Transwell migration assay. Scale bar = 200 μm. n = 3 in each group. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. n.s. no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t test.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
He, W.-Z., Yang, M., Jiang, Y., He, C., Sun, Y.-C., Liu, L., Huang, M., Jiao, Y.-R., Chen, K.-X., Hou, J., Huang, M., Xu, Y.-L., Feng, X., Liu, Y., Guo, Q., Peng, H., Huang, Y., Su, T., Xiao, Y., Li, Y., Zeng, C., Lei, G., Luo, X.-H., & Li, C.-J.
ORCID
Venue
Cell Death & Disease
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-05-25
Volume
13
Issue
5
ISSN
2041-4889
DOI
10.1038/s41419-022-04902-w
PMC
PMC9130327
Cited by
30
References
3
Language
en
Licence

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: miR-188-3p targets skeletal endothelium coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during ageing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41419-022-04902-w
The paper
He, W.-Z., Yang, M., Jiang, Y., He, C., Sun, Y.-C., Liu, L., Huang, M., Jiao, Y.-R., Chen, K.-X., Hou, J., Huang, M., Xu, Y.-L., Feng, X., Liu, Y., Guo, Q., Peng, H., Huang, Y., Su, T., Xiao, Y., . . . Li, C.-J. (2022). miR-188-3p targets skeletal endothelium coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during ageing. Cell Death & Disease. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-022-04902-w