PDGF-BB secreted by preosteoclasts induces angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Osteogenesis during bone modeling and remodeling is coupled with angiogenesis. A recent study showed that a specific vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31(hi)Emcn(hi)), couples angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Here, we found that platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) secreted by preosteoclasts induces CD31(hi)Emcn(hi) vessel formation during bone modeling and remodeling. Mice with depletion of PDGF-BB in the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell lineage show significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone mass, serum and bone marrow PDGF-BB concentrations, and fewer CD31(hi)Emcn(hi) vessels compared to wild-type mice. In the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model, serum and bone marrow levels of PDGF-BB and numbers of CD31(hi)Emcn(hi) vessels are significantly lower compared to sham-operated controls. Treatment with exogenous PDGF-BB or inhibition of cathepsin K to increase the number of preosteoclasts, and thus the endogenous levels of PDGF-BB, increases CD31(hi)Emcn(hi) vessel number and stimulates bone formation in OVX mice. Thus, pharmacotherapies that increase PDGF-BB secretion from preosteoclasts offer a new therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis by promoting angiogenesis and thus bone formation.
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Pre-osteoclasts secrete PDGF-BB, which promotes angiogenesis-mediated bone formation.
“Pre-osteoclasts secrete platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), which promotes angiogenesis-mediated bone formation.”
From Targeting Msx2 as a brake in the fusion fate of osteoclasts and an anabolic therapy in pre-clinical models of osteoporosis (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Pre-fusion osteoclasts release PDGF-BB, which promotes H-type vessel formation and subsequently stimulates osteogenesis.
“In 2014, Xie et al. first reported that pre-fusion osteoclasts release PDGF-BB, which promotes H-type vessel formation and subsequently stimulates osteogenesis11.”
From Targeting Msx2 as a brake in the fusion fate of osteoclasts and an anabolic therapy in pre-clinical models of osteoporosis (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
During bone remodeling, release of PDGF-BB from preosteoclasts induces an increase in endothelial cell recruitment and assembly, with a subsequent rise in type H vessels.
“During bone remodeling, the release of platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) from preosteoclasts induces an increase in endothelial cell recruitment and assembly, with a subsequent rise in the number of type H vessels.”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [130]
PDGF-BB triggers recruitment of osteoprogenitors from vessels to the bone surface.
“Simultaneously, PDGF-BB triggers the recruitment of osteoprogenitors from vessels to the bone surface.130”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [130]
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Self-citationWang, N., Gao, J., Jia, M., Ma, X., Lei, Z., Da, F., Yan, F., Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., Li, M., et al. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000485776 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentification of a prolonged action molecular GLP-1R agonist for the treatment of femoral defects
Wang, N., Liu, X., Shi, L., Liu, Y., Guo, S., Liu, W., Li, X., Meng, J., Ma, X., & Guo, Z. (2020) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c9bm01426h · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ma, Q., Wang, S., Xue, H., Ni, L., Yuan, P., Shen, Y., Zheng, B., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61938-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“PDGF-BB + TRAP + cells are considered to be the main population of pre-osteoclasts that induce angiogenesis 11 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationAging and menopause reprogram osteoclast precursors for aggressive bone resorption
Møller, A. M. J., Delaissé, J.-M., Olesen, J. B., Madsen, J. S., Canto, L. M., Bechmann, T., Rogatto, S. R., & Søe, K. (2020) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-020-0102-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xie, H., Cui, Z., Wang, L., Xia, Z., Hu, Y., Xian, L., Li, C., Xie, L., Crane, J., Wan, M., Zhen, G., Bian, Q., Yu, B., Chang, W., Qiu, T., Pickarski, M., Duong, L. T., Windle, J. J., Luo, X., Liao, E., & Cao, X.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Nanfang Hospital (CN)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liao, Eryuan
- Cao, Xu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2014-10-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1270-1278
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC4224644
- OpenAlex
- W2015329065
- Cited by
- 951
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 103 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 14.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK079637, Z01DK057501, R01DK057501)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR063943, AR 063943, K08AR064833)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
- Keywords
- PDGF-BB, osteoclast precursors, angiogenesis, bone formation, bone remodeling, bone modeling, osteoporosis, cathepsin K, bone mass, ovariectomy
- MeSH terms
- Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase, Becaplermin, Acid Phosphatase, Animals, Cell Count, Cell Movement, Female, Femur, Isoenzymes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Osteoclasts, Osteogenesis, Ovariectomy, Phosphorylation, Protease Inhibitors, Culture Media, Conditioned, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis, Endothelial Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, X-Ray Microtomography, Cathepsin K, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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