The DOI matches its Crossref record; 240 of the 242 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phages and their potential to modulate the microbiome and immunity
Open accessAbstract
Bacteriophages (hence termed phages) are viruses that target bacteria and have long been considered as potential future treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. However, the molecular nature of phage interactions with bacteria and the human host has remained elusive for decades, limiting their therapeutic application. While many phages and their functional repertoires remain unknown, the advent of next-generation sequencing has increasingly enabled researchers to decode new lytic and lysogenic mechanisms by which they attack and destroy bacteria. Furthermore, the last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the utilization of phages as therapeutic vectors and as a means of targeting pathogenic or commensal bacteria or inducing immunomodulation. Importantly, the narrow host range, immense antibacterial repertoire, and ease of manipulating phages may potentially allow for their use as targeted modulators of pathogenic, commensal and pathobiont members of the microbiome, thereby impacting mammalian physiology and immunity along mucosal surfaces in health and in microbiome-associated diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight recent advances in phage biology and how a mechanistic understanding of phage-bacteria-host interactions may facilitate the development of novel phage-based therapeutics. We provide an overview of the challenges of the therapeutic use of phages and how these could be addressed for future use of phages as specific modulators of the human microbiome in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Phages can eliminate cancer-associated bacteria, remodel the tumor microenvironment, enhance antitumor immunity, and deliver targeted therapeutic payloads.”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, phage DNA and structural proteins engage pattern recognition receptors within innate immune pathways, thereby enhancing antitumor immune responses [21,23–26]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indirectly, phages reshape tumor-associated bacterial communities, depleting protumorigenic taxa and altering microbial metabolites that regulate inflammation, genotoxic stress, and therapeutic response [20–23]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indirectly, phages reshape tumor-associated bacterial communities, depleting protumorigenic taxa and altering microbial metabolites that regulate inflammation, genotoxic stress, and therapeutic response [20–23]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indirectly, phages reshape tumor-associated bacterial communities, depleting protumorigenic taxa and altering microbial metabolites that regulate inflammation, genotoxic stress, and therapeutic response [20–23]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies have begun uncovering direct and indirect immunomodulatory properties of phages beyond their antimicrobial effects [21,25,74]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
MetaHIT Consortium, Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08821 · Cited by 11,624
Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome
MetaHIT Consortium (additional members), Arumugam, M., Raes, J., Pelletier, E., Le Paslier, D., Yamada, T., Mende, D. R., Fernandes, G. R., Tap, J., Bruls, T., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09944 · Cited by 7,548
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease
Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B. J., Koeth, R., Levison, B. S., DuGar, B., Feldstein, A. E., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Chung, Y.-M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09922 · Cited by 5,597
Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile
van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Fuentes, S., Zoetendal, E. G., de Vos, W. M., Visser, C. E., Kuijper, E. J., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., Tijssen, J. G. P., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1205037 · Cited by 3,708
Human Genetics Shape the Gut Microbiome
Goodrich, J. K., Waters, J. L., Poole, A. C., Sutter, J. L., Koren, O., Blekhman, R., Beaumont, M., Van Treuren, W., Knight, R., Bell, J. T., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.053 · Cited by 3,164
Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota
Rothschild, D., Weissbrod, O., Barkan, E., Kurilshikov, A., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Costea, P. I., Godneva, A., Kalka, I. N., Bar, N., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25973 · Cited by 2,859
Self-citationSuttle, C. A. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04160 · Cited by 2,186
The Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Status and the Future Ahead
Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J., & Gevers, D. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009 · Cited by 1,789
Ecology of prokaryotic viruses
Weinbauer, M. G. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.08.001 · Cited by 1,776
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- d'Hérelle, F. Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysentériques. C. R. Acad. Sci. 165, 373–375 (1917).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 222
Impact of prophages on gut microbiota and disease associations
Mahmoud, A. A., Wang, X., Liao, X., Zhang, S., Ding, T., & Ahn, J. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107642 · Cited by 9
Biologic drug development for treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections
Gill, D. S., Ram, S., & Rice, P. A. (2025) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00107-24 · Cited by 9
Exploring bacteriophages to combat gut dysbiosis: A promising new frontier in microbiome therapy
Easwaran, M., Abdelrahman, F. I., El‐Shibiny, A., Venkidasamy, B., Thiruvengadam, M., Sivalingam, P., Ganapathy, D. M., Ahn, J., & Shin, H. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108008 · Cited by 9
The Microbiome as Part of the Contemporary View of Tuberculosis Disease
Barbosa-Amezcua, M., Galeana-Cadena, D., Alvarado-Peña, N., & Silva‐Herzog, E. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11050584 · Cited by 12
Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Cui, X., & Zhu, L. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040713 · Cited by 10
Wen, Q., Chen, X., Xu, M., Liu, R., Lian, W., Ma, Y., & Ibrahim, A. (2024) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110833 · Cited by 8
Li, Y., Sun, C., Zhu, J., Geng, M., Li, M., Zhao, X., & Chen, W. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00013-25 · Cited by 8
Wójcicki, M., Cieślik, M., Shymialevich, D., Emanowicz, P., Średnicka, P., Cieślak, H., Ilczuk, T., Koperski, Ł., & Sokołowska, B. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107921 · Cited by 8
Divergent endophytic viromes and phage genome repertoires among banana (Musa) species
Aghdam, S. A., Lahowetz, R. M., & Brown, A. M. V. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127606 · Cited by 11
Using a human colonoid-derived monolayer to study bacteriophage translocation
Le, H. T., Fajardo-Lubian, A., Bowring, B. G., van der Poorten, D., Iredell, J. R., George, J., Venturini, C., Ahlenstiel, G., & Read, S. A. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2331520 · Cited by 8
Xepapadaki, P. V., Megremis, S., Rovina, N., Wardzyńska, A., Pasioti, M., Kritikou, M., Papadopoulos, N. G., Kaltsas, G., Lebessi, E., Doudoulakakis, A., et al. (2024) · Pulmonary Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41030-024-00261-3 · Cited by 9
Taxonomic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities in oyster calcifying fluid
Unzueta‐Martínez, A., & Girguis, P. R. (2024) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01094-24 · Cited by 9
The Human Gut Phageome: Identification and Roles in the Diseases
Nabi‐Afjadi, M., Teymouri, S., Monfared, F. N., Varnosfaderani, S. M. N., & Halimi, H. (2023) · Journal of Cellular Signaling · doi:10.33696/signaling.4.100 · Cited by 7
Zou, H., Ding, Y., Shang, J., Ma, C., Li, J., Yang, Y., Cui, X., Zhang, J., Ji, G., & Wei, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251211 · Cited by 7
Ramadan, A. A., Abdel-Monem, M. O., El-Dougdoug, N. K., Mekky, A. E., Elaskary, S. A., Al-Askar, A. A., Metwally, S. A., El-Sayed, A. F., AbdElgayed, G., Saied, E., et al. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60030501 · Cited by 7
Rheinheimera faecalis sp. nov., isolated from Ceratotherium simum feces
Park, Y., Kim, M., Cha, Y., & Park, W. (2023) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-023-03548-2 · Cited by 7
Grand Challenges in Phage Biology
Ryu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.715039 · Cited by 7
Phage-Microbiota Crosstalk: Implications for Central Nervous System Disorders
Salari, V., Parrella, E., Mengoni, F., Cintra, L., Bertini, G., & Fabene, P. F. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136183 · Cited by 6
Purcell, M., Ackland, J., Staples, K. J., Freeman, A. T., & Wilkinson, T. M. A. (2025) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0284-2024 · Cited by 10
Phage-Microbiota Interactions in the Gut: Implications for Health and Therapeutic Strategies
Naderian, R., Alibabaei, F., Paraandavaji, E., Dehghan, P., & Eslami, M. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10784-z · Cited by 6
Ngene, A. C., & Umar, U. (2025) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-025-00693-z · Cited by 7
Regulation of Host Immunity by the Gut Microbiota
Partney, H., & Yissachar, N. (2022) · Progress in inflammation research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91051-8_4 · Cited by 6
Eslaminejad, T., Moshafi, M. H., Hasanpore, M., Mousavi, S. A. A., & Ansari, M. (2022) · DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40199-022-00432-0 · Cited by 6
Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment
Mutalik, V. K., Inman, J. L., Chang, H., Arkin, A., & Mao, J.-H. (2026) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2026.02.001 · Cited by 7
Jung, M., Lee, J., Kim, Y. B., Lee, S. H., & Whon, T. W. (2025) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2025.117971 · Cited by 5
Ou, Y., Chen, Q., Zhong, N., & Du, Z. (2025) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf285 · Cited by 5
Zhang, S., Chu, M., & Sun, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1687307 · Cited by 6
Analysis of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Response Patterns in Patients Receiving Phage Therapy
Kasprzak, H., Przybylski, M., Fortuna, W., Letkiewicz, S., Rogóż, P., Bubak, B., Górski, A., & Międzybrodzki, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010172 · Cited by 5
From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process
Kennedy, M. S., & Chang, E. B. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2649448 · Cited by 5
From Mother to Infant, from Placenta to Gut: Understanding Varied Microbiome Profiles in Neonates
Cheddadi, R., Yeramilli, V. A., & Martin, C. A. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13121184 · Cited by 5
Sabri, M., Handi, K. E., Cara, O., Stradis, A. D., & Elbeaino, T. (2024) · Phytopathologia Mediterranea · doi:10.36253/phyto-15623 · Cited by 5
Decoding the human phageome helps to unravel microbial dynamics in health and disease
Vives, M. J. (2025) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00919-25 · Cited by 5
SVep1, a temperate phage of human oral commensal Streptococcus vestibularis
Wu, M., Zhu, Y., Yang, Y., Gong, Y., Chen, Z., Liao, B., Xiong, Y., Zhou, X., & Li, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256669 · Cited by 4
Zhang, L., Hu, J., Xue, G., Gao, H., Pan, Z., Zhang, R., Li, J., Wu, N., & Jin, C. (2025) · Infectious Microbes & Diseases · doi:10.1097/im9.0000000000000192 · Cited by 4
Lamont, R., Ali, A., & Jørgensen, J. S. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13102410 · Cited by 4
A Novel Dhillonvirus Phage against Escherichia coli Bearing a Unique Gene of Intergeneric Origin
Vasileiadis, A., Bozidis, P., Konstantinidis, K., Kesesidis, N., Potamiti, L., Κολλιοπούλου, Ά., Beloukas, A. I., Panayiotidis, M. I., Havaki, S., Gorgoulis, V. G., et al. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46090551 · Cited by 4
Mucofilm: a nexus for phage-microbiome interactions in gut ecology
Mortensen, A. S., Nielsen, D. S., Røder, H. L., & Rasmussen, T. S. (2025) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01269-25 · Cited by 4
Kale, V., Baldi, G., Beracochea, M., Clausen, C. G., Escobar‐Zepeda, A., Rosa, S. L. L., Lecaudey, L. A., Li, S., Mak, S. S. T., Martin, M. D., et al. (2025) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-025-00453-5 · Cited by 3
Wang, Y., Li, J., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127468 · Cited by 3
Microgravity reshapes bacteriophage–host coevolution aboard the International Space Station
Huss, P., Chitboonthavisuk, C., Meger, A., Nishikawa, K. K., Oates, R. P., Mills, H. J., Holzhaus, O. G., & Raman, S. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003568 · Cited by 5
Malook, M. B., Ijaz, M., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Ahmed, T., Alrafaie, A. M., Noman, M., Rani, H., & Li, B. (2026) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108839 · Cited by 3
High-resolution phage-host assignment through key proteins using large language models
Du, Z., Min, L., Lin, K.-C., Xing, B., Ou, Y., Lin, Z., Song, W., Chen, J., Li, J., Li, J., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-70613-x · Cited by 3
On-Chip modeling of drug-gut interactions in Oral drug delivery
Abdollahi, S., Vajhadin, F., Rafiei, A., Tamrin, S. H., Daniel, S. D., Banoei, M. M., Zarin, B., Sen, A., Kim, K., & Sanati‐Nezhad, A. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115864 · Cited by 3
Effect of Household Air Pollution on the Gut Microbiome and Virome of Adult Women Living in Uganda
Huang, C., Nuwagira, E., Tisza, M. J., Kim, M., Tayebwa, M., Vieira, J., Lam, N. L., Wallach, E. S., Wiens, M. O., Tsai, A. C., et al. (2025) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1021/ehp.6c00064 · Cited by 3
Immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms of probiotics
Freitas, A. D. S., Fernandes, L. J. D. S., Coelho-Rocha, N. D., de Jesus, L. C. L., Rodovalho, V. D. R., da Silva, T. F., Carvalho, R. D. D. O., & Azevedo, V. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85170-1.00019-1 · Cited by 4
Singh, K. K., & Park, S. (2023) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.28559 · Cited by 3
Bacteriophage Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections
Dunne, M., Perepanova, T. S., & Johansen, T. E. B. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92366-6_15 · Cited by 3
Non-Traditional Antibacterial Therapeutic: Focus on Safety, Manufacturing, and Regulatory Dynamics
Dehari, D., Chaudhuri, A., Kumar, D. N., & Agrawal, A. K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5272-0_37 · Cited by 2
Phage-Based Microbial Control: Mechanisms, Ecological Applications, and Translational Challenges
Lawal, O. U., Adesola, R. O., & Aworh, M. K. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24738-5.00035-5 · Cited by 2
Liang, C., Tian, W., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., & Li, D. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14010223 · Cited by 2
Silent Intruders: The Gut Virome in Brain Aging and Cognitive Decline
Silvestro, S., Midiri, A., Biondo, C., Casilli, S., Borrello, L., Zummo, S., & Mancuso, G. (2026) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens15020180 · Cited by 2
The gut and circulating virome: emerging players in aging and longevity
Pazmay, G. V. B., Fortunato, C., Cianfruglia, L., Novazzi, F., Spezia, P. G., Rosa, L., Limongi, D., Prezioso, C., D’Argenio, V., Scudiero, O., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1731621 · Cited by 4
Saeed, N. K., Elbeltagi, Y. M., & Al‐Beltagi, M. (2026) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v15.i1.118362 · Cited by 2
Alshehri, A. A., Aodah, A. H., Alradwan, I. A., Alnefaie, M. K., Nassar, M. S., Alduhaymi, I. S., Aldossary, A. M., Fayez, N. A., Tawfik, E. A., & Almughem, F. A. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18030387 · Cited by 2
Cheng, H., & Wong, C. C. (2026) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-026-02698-3 · Cited by 2
Garneau, J. R., Altenried, A., Teo, Y., Xiaobing, W. U., McHugh, S. C., Taschner, M., Hernández‐Cabanyero, C., Mignolet, J., Gomes, P., de la Noue, H. D. V., et al. (2026) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-026-01087-4 · Cited by 2
Microbiome therapeutics for the cancer management
Punetha, A., & Punetha, A. K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99336-4.00012-4 · Cited by 2
Moderate bacteriophages: the secret weapon of bacteria or their Achilles heel?
Евдокимова, Н. В., & Черненькая, Т. В. (2023) · Zhurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» · doi:10.25557/0031-2991.2023.01.117-123 · Cited by 2
Stante, M., Weiland‐Bräuer, N., Hoyningen-Huene, A. V., & Schmitz, R. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356337 · Cited by 2
Human Microbiome and Bacteriophages: Impacts on Health and Disease
Sheraz, M. A., Shi, H., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Current Clinical Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40588-025-00243-2 · Cited by 2
Intestivirid Acquisition Increases Across Infancy in a Wild Primate Population
Schneider‐Crease, I. A., Moya, I. L., Chiou, K. L., Baniel, A., Haile, A. A., Kebede, F., Abebe, B., Lu, A., Bergman, T. J., Snyder‐Mackler, N., et al. (2025) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.17801 · Cited by 2
The Diversity of Bacteriophages in the Human Gut
Carroll‐Portillo, A., Lin, D. M., & Lin, H. C. (2023) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_2 · Cited by 2
Idiotopes of antibodies against HIV ‐1 CD4 ‐induced epitope shared with those against microorganisms
Biswas, S., Kuwata, T., Yamauchi, S., Okazaki, K., Kaku, Y., Hasan, M. Z., Morioka, H., & Matsushita, S. (2023) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13742 · Cited by 2
Meile, S., Du, J., Staubli, S., Grossman, S., Koliwer‐Brandl, H., Piffaretti, P., Leitner, L., Matter, C. I., Baggenstos, J., Hunold, L., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517494 · Cited by 2
Phages indirectly maintain plant pathogen defense through regulation of the commensal microbiomePreprint
Debray, R., Conover, A. E., & Koskella, B. L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590639 · Cited by 2
A comparison of methods for the optimal recovery of the human fecal virome
Chiara, L. D., Doughty, R., Estévez‐Gómez, N., Gallego‐García, P., Alvariño, P., Díez‐Martín, A. I., Dávila-Piñón, P., Treangen, T. J., Cubiella, J., & Posada, D. (2026) · ISME Communications · doi:10.1093/ismeco/ycag090 · Cited by 1
Human Gut Bacteriophageome: Insights Into Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Tuberculosis
Jafari, E., Azizian, R., Tabasi, M., Banakar, M., & Lankarani, K. B. (2025) · Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1155/ipid/8811027 · Cited by 3
Wu, J., Chen, L., Wu, S., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Lu, C., Sun, W., & Li, W. (2025) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102954 · Cited by 1
Patel, R., Rathod, D., Jackson, K. J., Ingawale, M., Xu, Y., Hosseinidoust, Z., & Ghosh, R. (2025) · Journal of Chromatography Open · doi:10.1016/j.jcoa.2025.100288 · Cited by 1
Bacteriophage therapy targeting microbiome in HIV/AIDS
Zhou, Y., Xu, P., Liu, D., He, Z., Lin, Z., Dai, X., Dai, G., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Zhao, P., et al. (2025) · Exploration of Medicine · doi:10.37349/emed.2025.1001373 · Cited by 1
Revolutionizing seafood safety with bacteriophages: emerging technologies and applications
Meghla, N. S., Jung, S.-J., Mizan, M. F. R., Nesa, S. R., Kang, I., & Ha, S. (2025) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2025.105021 · Cited by 1
Towards treatments targeting the gut to improve behavioural outcomes in autism spectrum disorder
Munira, M. S., Stevens, J. E., Shahin, W., Wang, K., Franks, A. E., Perez, A. R. J., Scott, J. W., & Hill‐Yardin, E. L. (2026) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-025-03061-4 · Cited by 1
Erdoğdu, B., Dokuz, S., Sarigode, E., Karabaşoğlu, C., & Özbek, T. (2026) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-026-04727-7 · Cited by 1
Yi, T., Dong, Z., & Leung, S. S. Y. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18030318 · Cited by 1
Bacteriophage-mediated gut microbiota regulation: a bibliometric landscape analysis (2005–2024)
Yin, J., Wang, H., Cui, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, S., & Yin, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1768117 · Cited by 1
Phage therapy in oncology: Mechanisms, innovations, and translational advances
Al-Khafaji, Z. K. A., Altalbawy, F. M. A., Jamil, N. Y., Sahib, A. S., Abdulali, Z. S., Hashem, A. A., Hamodi, Z. A., Hamo, S. H., Alwan, M., Jawad, M. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2026.108230 · Cited by 1
QUELAL-MADRID, F., Armijos, C. E., Vinueza-Burgos, C., Mejía, L., & Zapata, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1703134 · Cited by 1
Defensomes, counter-defensomes, and the remodeling of microbial communities
Kavagutti, V., Beavogui, A., Wiart, N., Wincker, P., & Oliveira, P. H. (2026) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgag073 · Cited by 1
Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity
Wang, X. W., Day, C., & Koonin, E. V. (2026) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-026-00948-6 · Cited by 1
Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe‐Mediated Cross‐Protection
Arooj, S., Zubair, A., Batool, S. Z., Niaz, G., Ali, M., Waheed, Y., Elsharkawy, E. R., & Afghan, N. (2026) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.70349 · Cited by 1
Remodelling of the gut virome after long-term fasting
Falshaw, N., Ducarmon, Q. R., King, A., Grundler, F., & Mesnage, R. (2026) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-026-01069-6 · Cited by 1
Pereira, D., Moreira, F. C., Silva, V. C., Avelar, D. D. S., Ramos, S. A. A., da Silva, J. M. C., Mourão, R. M. D. S., Rf, S., Guimaraes, K. S. A. P., Pinto, J. B. A., et al. (2026) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-026-00867-4 · Cited by 1
Mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to colorectal cancer development and progression
Zheng, H., Zhang, W., Pang, Q., & Deng, H. (2026) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2026.128689 · Cited by 1
Bacteriophage cocktail as a substitute for antimicrobials in companion animal dermatology
Vallenas-Sánchez, Y. P. A., Bautista-Valles, M. F., Llaque-Chávarri, F., & Mendoza-Coello, M. E. (2022) · Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science · doi:10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200097x · Cited by 1
Wen, Q., Lv, R., Zhang, C., Lian, W., Liu, R., & Chen, X. (2024) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1111/1471-0307.13055 · Cited by 1
Bényei, É. B., Nazeer, R. R., Askenasy, I., Mancini, L., Ho, P.-M., Sivarajan, G. A. C., Swain, J. E. V., & Welch, M. (2024) · Advances in microbial physiology/Advances in Microbial Physiology · doi:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.002 · Cited by 1
Microbiome-Based Therapeutics: Emerging Trends in Health Biotechnology
Ullah, I., & Yasmin, M. (2024) · Premier journal of science. · doi:10.70389/pjs.100022 · Cited by 2
Editorial: Mechanism of colonization and persistence of gut commensal microbiota and pathogens
Castro-Córdova, P., Pizarro‐Guajardo, M., & Romero-Rodríguez, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1176453 · Cited by 1
Complete Genome Sequences of Five Phietaviruses Infecting Staphylococcus aureus
Andrews, T. P., Hoyer, J. S., Fahrenfeld, N. L., Boyd, J. M., & Duffy, S. (2022) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.00855-22
Cóctel de bacteriófagos como sustituto de antimicrobianos en dermatología de animales de compañía
Vallenas-Sánchez, Y. P. A., Bautista-Valles, M. F., Llaque-Chávarri, F., & Mendoza-Coello, M. E. (2022) · Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science · doi:10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200097
Le viróme humain : un écosystème viral dans notre corps
Ottmann, M. (2024) · Revue Francophone des Laboratoires · doi:10.1016/s1773-035x(24)76115-2
Wanichwecharungruang, S. P., Efendi, A., Naknaen, A., Ampawa, S., Miengmern, N., Chaikeeratisak, V., & Wanichwecharungruang, S. P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4885562
Zhang, L., Hu, F., Zhao, Z., Li, X., Zhong, M., He, J., Yao, F., Zhang, X., Mao, Y., Wei, H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98266.1
Tian, J., & He, X. (2025) · Springer series on biofilms · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82202-5_14
A Comparative Analysis of Feeding Practices and Oral Immunity in Infants
Mackawy, A. M. H., Alturky, F. S., Hussain, A., Alharbi, B. F., Huq, M., Wasti, A. Z., Ahmed, M., & Alharbi, H. O. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61061114 · Cited by 2
Exploring prophages in Salmonella enterica : an in-silico approachPreprint
Quelal-Madrid, F., Armijos, C., Vinueza-Burgos, C., Mejía, L., & Zapata-Mena, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667176
Wang, Y., Li, J., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5378305
Phage Therapy as an Alternative to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance in Broiler Poultry Settings
Dam, B., & Chakraborty, A. (2025) · Sustainable landscape planning and natural resources management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-90139-3_13
What Is the Involvement of Gut Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes?
Kiełbowski, K., Plewa, P., Zadworny, J., Stodolak, P., Jędrasiak, A., Bakinowska, E., & Pawlik, A. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15101463 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Federici, S., Nobs, S. P., & Elinav, E.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Elinav, Eran
- Venue
- Cellular & Molecular Immunology
- Published
- 2020-09-08
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 889-904
- ISSN
- 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-0226
- PMC
- PMC8115240
- OpenAlex
- W3084223430
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 242
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Keywords
- bacteriophages, phage therapy, human microbiome, phage-bacteria interactions, antibiotic resistance, immunomodulation, mucosal immunity, commensal bacteria, pathobionts, phage vectors
- MeSH terms
- Phage Therapy, Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Infections, Bacteriophages, Humans, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
