The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea
Open accessAbstract
The expression of the Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT is generally observed in the RT027 (ST1) and RT078 (ST11) C. difficile isolates, which are associated with severe C. difficile infection (CDI). However, we recently reported that the non-RT027 and non-RT078 C. difficile strain LC693 (TcdA+TcdB+ CDT+, ST201) caused severe diarrhea in a patient in Xiangya Hospital in China. C.difficile LC693 is a member of Clade 3, and in this study, we identified LC693 as RT871 and compared its virulence and pathogenicity to those of C.difficile R20291 (TcdA+TcdB+CDT+, ST1/RT027), UK6 (TcdA+TcdB+CDT+, ST35/RT027), CD630 (TcdA+TcdB+CDT−, ST54, RT012), and 1379 (TcdA+TcdB+CDT−, ST54/RT012), with strain 1379 being an epidemic C.difficile isolate from the same hospital. LC693 displayed a higher sporulation rate than R20291, CD630 or strain 1379. LC693 was comparable to R20291 with respect to spore germination, motility, and biofilm formation, but showed a faster germination rate, higher motility and a higher biofilm formation capability compared to CD630 and strain 1379. The adherence of spores to human gut epithelial cells was similar for all strains.The total toxin release of LC693 was lower than that of R20291, but higher than that of CD630 and strain 1379. Finally, in a mouse model of CDI, LC693 was capable of causing moderate to severe disease. Our findings demonstrate the pathogenicity of non-RT027 and non-RT078 binary toxin-positive C. difficile strains. Furthermore, our data indicate that LC693 may be more virulent than strain 1379, an epidemic strain from the same hospital, and provide the first phenotypic characterization of a non-RT027 and non-RT078 binary toxin-positive ST201 isolate.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis
Rupnik, M., Wilcox, M. H., & Gerding, D. N. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2164 · Cited by 1,380
A mouse model of clostridium difficile-associated disease
Chen, X., Katchar, K., Goldsmith, J. D., Nanthakumar, N., Cheknis, A., Gerding, D. N., & Kelly, C. P. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.002 · Cited by 510
Sorg, J. A., & Sonenshein, A. L. (2010) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00610-10 · Cited by 332
Cited by
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China
Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, W., Song, Z.-G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z.-W., Tian, J.-H., Pei, Y.-Y., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 · Cited by 11,688
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins
Lam, T. T.-Y., Jia, N., Zhang, Y.-W., Shum, M. H.-H., Jiang, J.-F., Zhu, H.-C., Tong, Y.-G., Shi, Y.-X., Ni, X.-B., Liao, Y.-S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0 · Cited by 1,877
Nooraei, S., Bahrulolum, H., Hoseini, Z. S., Katalani, C., Hajizade, A., Easton, A. J., & Ahmadian, G. (2021) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-021-00806-7 · Cited by 869
Rethinking wastewater risks and monitoring in light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Bogler, A., Packman, A., Furman, A., Gross, A., Kushmaro, A., Ronen, A., Dagot, C., Hill, C., Vaizel-Ohayon, D., Morgenroth, E., et al. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-020-00605-2 · Cited by 312
Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats
Ruiz-Aravena, M., McKee, C., Gamble, A., Lunn, T., Morris, A., Snedden, C. E., Yinda, C. K., Port, J. R., Buchholz, D. W., Yeo, Y. Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00652-2 · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, C., Harmanus, C., Zhu, D., Meng, X., Wang, S., Duan, J., Liu, S., Fu, C., Zhou, P., Liu, R., Wu, A., Kuijper, E. J., Smits, W. K., Fu, L., & Sun, X.
- Venue
- Emerging Microbes & Infections
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 2222-1751 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2905379391
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 39.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41426-018-0211-1
- The paper
- Li, C., Harmanus, C., Zhu, D., Meng, X., Wang, S., Duan, J., Liu, S., Fu, C., Zhou, P., Liu, R., Wu, A., Kuijper, E. J., Smits, W. K., Fu, L., & Sun, X. (2018). Characterization of the virulence of a non-RT027, non-RT078 and binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strain associated with severe diarrhea. Emerging Microbes & Infections. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0211-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
