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Cited by 108Strong Light-Matter InteractionsMechanical and Optical ResonatorsPlasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

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Virtual photons in the ground state of a dissipative system

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De Liberato, Simone·2017·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/s41467-017-01504-5PMC PMC5684391
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Abstract

Much of the novel physics predicted to be observable in the ultrastrong light–matter coupling regime rests on the hybridisation between states with different numbers of excitations, leading to a population of virtual photons in the system’s ground state. In this article, exploiting an exact diagonalisation approach, we derive both analytical and numerical results for the population of virtual photons in presence of arbitrary losses. Specialising our results to the case of Lorentzian resonances we then show that the virtual photon population is only quantitatively affected by losses, even when those become the dominant energy scale. Our results demonstrate most of the ultrastrong-coupling phenomenology can be observed in loss-dominated systems which are not even in the standard strong coupling regime. We thus open the possibility to investigate ultrastrong-coupling physics to platforms that were previously considered unsuitable due to their large losses.

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  • A spinning particle is not perfectly pointlike; in particular, its center of charge and center of mass do not coincide.

    “We can add that a spinning particle is not perfectly pointlike. In particular, its center of charge and center of mass do not coincide [91-96].”

    From Zitterbewegung of massless particles (2022) · cites this paper as [94]

    The Introduction discusses virtual photons in ultrastrongly coupled light–matter systems, and the Methods section calculates their population; neither addresses whether a spinning particle is pointlike or whether its centers of charge and mass coincide. Searches for those centers and for electron spin, displacement, and finite size found no relevant passage in our copy (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Metadata

Authors
De Liberato, S.
ORCID
De Liberato, Simone
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-11-13
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
1465-1465
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41467-017-01504-5
PMC
PMC5684391
OpenAlex
W2757021171
Cited by
108
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 2
FWCI
5.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Royal Society
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M003183/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Mechanical and Optical Resonators
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Keywords
virtual photons, ultrastrong coupling, dissipative systems, ground state, loss, Lorentzian resonance, exact diagonalization, strong coupling

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