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Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services

Felipe-Lucia, María R., Soliveres, Santiago, Penone, Caterina, Manning, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Boch, Steffen, Prati, Daniel, Ammer, Christian, Schall, Peter, Gossner, Martin M., Bauhus, Jürgen, Buscot, Francois, Blaser, Stefan, Blüthgen, Nico, de Frutos, Angel, Ehbrecht, Martin, Frank, Kevin, Goldmann, Kezia, Hänsel, Falk, Jung, Kirsten, Kahl, Tiemo, Nauss, Thomas, Oelmann, Yvonne, Pena, Rodica, Polle, Andrea, Renner, Swen, Schloter, Michael, Schöning, Ingo, Schrumpf, Marion, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Solly, Emily, Sorkau, Elisabeth, Stempfhuber, Barbara, Tschapka, Marco, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Wubet, Tesfaye, Fischer, Markus, Allan, Eric·2018·Nature Communications

Abstract

Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but the drivers of these relationships are poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated the relationships between 12 stand-level forest attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity and plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, and proxies for 14 ecosystem services in 150 temperate forest plots. Our results show that forest attributes are the best predictors of most ecosystem services and are also good predictors of several synergies and trade-offs between services. Environmental factors also play an important role, mostly in combination with forest attributes. Our study suggests that managing forests to increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, and canopy gaps would promote the supply of multiple ecosystem services. These results highlight the potential for forest management to encourage multifunctional forests and suggest that a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help to mitigate trade-offs in human-dominated landscapes.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41467-018-07082-4

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Figures

Fig. 1 Importance of forest attributes and environmental factors for explaining ecosystem services. Bars show the variance exclusively explained by forest attributes and environmental factors, the shared variance between them and the unexplained variance. See Supplementary Table 2 for sample size in each ecosystem service model and Supplementary Fig. 3 for correlation among all drivers
Fig. 1 Importance of forest attributes and environmental factors for explaining ecosystem services. Bars show the variance exclusively explained by forest attributes and environmental factors, the shared variance between them and the unexplained variance. See Supplementary Table 2 for sample size in each ecosystem service model and Supplementary Fig. 3 for correlation among all driversCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Change in the synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services. Pearson correlations between pairs of ecosystem services (All factors), and after removing the effect of environmental factors (E) and of both the environmental factors and forest attributes together (F). Horizontal lines show the mean positive (blue lines, synergies) and negative (red lines, trade-offs) correlations. See Fig. 3 for details
Fig. 2 Change in the synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services. Pearson correlations between pairs of ecosystem services (All factors), and after removing the effect of environmental factors (E) and of both the environmental factors and forest attributes together (F). Horizontal lines show the mean positive (blue lines, synergies) and negative (red lines, trade-offs) correlations. See Fig. 3 for detailsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Details on the synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services. Panel a shows the individual Pearson correlations between pairs of ecosystem services. Consistent (r ≥ |0.1|) synergies and trade-offs across the three correlation matrices (All factors, E and F) are underlined. Panel b shows the correlations after removing the effect of environmental factors (E). Those correlations driven by environmental factors (i.e. those significantly different from the original correlations, panel a vs. panel b) are in solid line boxes. Panel c shows the correlations after removing the effect of both environmental factors and forest attributes (F). Those correlations driven by the forest attributes alone (i.e. significantly different from the correlation with only environment effects removed, panel b vs. panel c) are in solid line boxes, and those driven by a combination of the environmental factors and forest attributes (i.e. significantly different from the original correlations (panel b vs. panel d) but not from those with environmental effects removed (panel c vs. panel d)) are in dashed line boxes. See Supplementary Fig. 4 for the changes in correlations caused by the environmental factors and the forest attributes separately
Fig. 3 Details on the synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services. Panel a shows the individual Pearson correlations between pairs of ecosystem services. Consistent (r ≥ |0.1|) synergies and trade-offs across the three correlation matrices (All factors, E and F) are underlined. Panel b shows the correlations after removing the effect of environmental factors (E). Those correlations driven by environmental factors (i.e. those significantly different from the original correlations, panel a vs. panel b) are in solid line boxes. Panel c shows the correlations after removing the effect of both environmental factors and forest attributes (F). Those correlations driven by the forest attributes alone (i.e. significantly different from the correlation with only environment effects removed, panel b vs. panel c) are in solid line boxes, and those driven by a combination of the environmental factors and forest attributes (i.e. significantly different from the original correlations (panel b vs. panel d) but not from those with environmental effects removed (panel c vs. panel d)) are in dashed line boxes. See Supplementary Fig. 4 for the changes in correlations caused by the environmental factors and the forest attributes separatelyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Effects of forest attributes on ecosystem services. Standardized partial effects from linear models after model simplification are shown. Shaded lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Asterisks indicate significant effects also found in the full models (significance levels: ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05, as measured by Student’s t-test). DBH diameter at breast height. See Supplementary Tables 6 and 8 for details, and Supplementary Data 3
Fig. 4 Effects of forest attributes on ecosystem services. Standardized partial effects from linear models after model simplification are shown. Shaded lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Asterisks indicate significant effects also found in the full models (significance levels: ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05, as measured by Student’s t-test). DBH diameter at breast height. See Supplementary Tables 6 and 8 for details, and Supplementary Data 3CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cites

Show all 69 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Our Human Planet: Summary for Decision Makers (Island Press, 2005).
  2. MacLean, D. A., Seymour, R. S., Montigny, M. K. & Messier, C. in Setting Conservation Targets for Managed Forest Landscapes (ed. Villard, M.-A.) Ch. 14 (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
  3. Larsen, J. B. Functional forests in multifunctional landscapes: restoring the adaptive capacity of landscapes with forests and trees. In Forest Landscape Restoration in Central and Northern Europe: EFI Proc. No. 53 (eds. Veltheim, T. & Pajari, B.) 97–102 (European Forest Institute, 2005).

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Metadata

Authors
Felipe-Lucia, M. R., Soliveres, S., Penone, C., Manning, P., van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Schall, P., Gossner, M. M., Bauhus, J., Buscot, F., Blaser, S., Blüthgen, N., de Frutos, A., Ehbrecht, M., Frank, K., Goldmann, K., Hänsel, F., Jung, K., Kahl, T., Nauss, T., Oelmann, Y., Pena, R., Polle, A., Renner, S., Schloter, M., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Schulze, E.-D., Solly, E., Sorkau, E., Stempfhuber, B., Tschapka, M., Weisser, W. W., Wubet, T., Fischer, M., & Allan, E.
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2018-11-16
Volume
9
Issue
1
ISSN
2041-1723
Cited by
334
References
69
Language
en
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-018-07082-4
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Felipe-Lucia, M. R., Soliveres, S., Penone, C., Manning, P., van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Prati, D., Ammer, C., Schall, P., Gossner, M. M., Bauhus, J., Buscot, F., Blaser, S., Blüthgen, N., de Frutos, A., Ehbrecht, M., Frank, K., Goldmann, K., Hänsel, F., . . . Allan, E. (2018). Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07082-4

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.