The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager
Open accessAbstract
Conventional microwave imagers usually require either time-consuming data acquisition, or complicated reconstruction algorithms for data post-processing, making them largely ineffective for complex in-situ sensing and monitoring. Here, we experimentally report a real-time digital-metasurface imager that can be trained in-situ to generate the radiation patterns required by machine-learning optimized measurement modes. This imager is electronically reprogrammed in real time to access the optimized solution for an entire data set, realizing storage and transfer of full-resolution raw data in dynamically varying scenes. High-accuracy image coding and recognition are demonstrated in situ for various image sets, including hand-written digits and through-wall body gestures, using a single physical hardware imager, reprogrammed in real time. Our electronically controlled metasurface imager opens new venues for intelligent surveillance, fast data acquisition and processing, imaging at various frequencies, and beyond.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Jolliffe, I. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/0470013192.bsa501 · Cited by 14,310
Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
Yu, N., Genevet, P., Kats, M. A., Aieta, F., Tetienne, J.-P., Capasso, F., & Gaburro, Z. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210713 · Cited by 10,361
Halko, N., Martinsson, P. G., & Tropp, J. A. (2011) · SIAM Review · doi:10.1137/090771806 · Cited by 4,002
Coding Metamaterials, Digital Metamaterials and Programmable Metamaterials
Cui, T. J., Qi, M. Q., Wan, X., Zhao, J., & Cheng, Q. (2014) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.99 · Cited by 3,801
Self-citationProbabilistic Principal Component Analysis
Tipping, M. E., & Bishop, C. M. (1999) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00196 · Cited by 3,679
Metasurface Holograms Reaching 80% Efficiency
Zheng, G., Mühlenbernd, H., Kenney, M., Li, G., Zentgraf, T., & Zhang, S. (2015) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.2 · Cited by 2,909
Metasurface Holograms for Visible Light
Ni, X., Kildishev, A. V., & Shalaev, V. M. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3807 · Cited by 1,513
Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas
Ni, X., Emani, N. K., Kildishev, A. V., Boltasseva, A., & Shalaev, V. M. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1214686 · Cited by 1,474
Optically reconfigurable metasurfaces and photonic devices based on phase change materials
Wang, Q., Rogers, E. T. F., Gholipour, B., Wang, C.-M., Yuan, G., Teng, J., & Zheludev, N. I. (2016) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.247 · Cited by 1,233
Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms
Li, L., Jun Cui, T., Ji, W., Liu, S., Ding, J., Wan, X., Bo Li, Y., Jiang, M., Qiu, C.-W., & Zhang, S. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00164-9 · Cited by 1,168
Self-citation
Cited by
Di, B., Zhang, H., Song, L., Li, Y., Han, Z., & Poor, H. V. (2020) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3000813 · Cited by 544
Self-citationSmart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions
Ma, Q., Bai, G. D., Jing, H. B., Yang, C., Li, L., & Cui, T. J. (2019) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3 · Cited by 490
Self-citationAn optically driven digital metasurface for programming electromagnetic functions
Zhang, X. G., Jiang, W. X., Jiang, H. L., Wang, Q., Tian, H. W., Bai, L., Luo, Z. J., Sun, S., Luo, Y., Qiu, C.-W., et al. (2020) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-020-0380-5 · Cited by 328
Self-citationLiquid crystal programmable metasurface for terahertz beam steering
Wu, J., Shen, Z., Ge, S., Chen, B., Shen, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, C., Hu, W., Fan, K., Padilla, W., et al. (2020) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5144858 · Cited by 298
Empowering Metasurfaces with Inverse Design: Principles and Applications
Li, Z., Pestourie, R., Lin, Z., Johnson, S. G., & Capasso, F. (2022) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01850 · Cited by 283
“118 It opens a new paradigm for intelligent surveillance, compressed sensing, and beyond.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, L., Ruan, H., Liu, C., Li, Y., Shuang, Y., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W., & Cui, T. J.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2019-03-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1082-1082
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2919338369
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 31
- FWCI
- 23.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-019-09103-2
- The paper
- Li, L., Ruan, H., Liu, C., Li, Y., Shuang, Y., Alù, A., Qiu, C.-W., & Cui, T. J. (2019). Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09103-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.