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Cited by 543Metamaterials and Metasurfaces ApplicationsPhotonic Crystals and ApplicationsPlasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research

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All-dielectric metasurface for high-performance structural color

Open access
Yang, Wenhong, Xiao, Shumin, Song, Qinghai, Liu, Yilin, Wu, Yunkai, Wang, Shuai, Yu, Jie, Han, Jiecai, Tsai, Din-Ping·2020·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-15773-0PMC PMC7171068
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Abstract

The achievement of structural color has shown advantages in large-gamut, high-saturation, high-brightness, and high-resolution. While a large number of plasmonic/dielectric nanostructures have been developed for structural color, the previous approaches fail to match all the above criterion simultaneously. Herein we utilize the Si metasurface to demonstrate an all-in-one solution for structural color. Due to the intrinsic material loss, the conventional Si metasurfaces only have a broadband reflection and a small gamut of 78% of sRGB. Once they are combined with a refractive index matching layer, the reflection bandwidth and the background reflection are both reduced, improving the brightness and the color purity significantly. Consequently, the experimentally demonstrated gamut has been increased to around 181.8% of sRGB, 135.6% of Adobe RGB, and 97.2% of Rec.2020. Meanwhile, high refractive index of silicon preserves the distinct color in a pixel with 2 × 2 array of nanodisks, giving a diffraction-limit resolution.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41467-020-15773-0

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Figures

Fig. 1 The direct comparison of different structural color technologies in spatial resolution, manufacturability, reflectance (or transmittance), FWHM ratio, and gamut. The triangles, hexagons, and circles represent the data taken from the ref. 14, ref. 20 and ref. 31. The stars correspond to the experimental results in this work. The value 34 in FWHM ratio is taken from ref. 31 and this work.
Fig. 1 The direct comparison of different structural color technologies in spatial resolution, manufacturability, reflectance (or transmittance), FWHM ratio, and gamut. The triangles, hexagons, and circles represent the data taken from the ref. 14, ref. 20 and ref. 31. The stars correspond to the experimental results in this work. The value 34 in FWHM ratio is taken from ref. 31 and this work.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 The schematic and the numerical simulation of Si metasurfaces. a The schematic of the Si metasurfaces. The left panel shows the colors are pale with a background reflection in air. The right panel shows distinct colors can be achieved by adding a refractive index matching layer such as PMMA or DMSO. Panel b, c are the calculated reflection spectra of Si metasurface with different lattice sizes in air and in DMSO, respectively. The insets are the corresponding structural color. From top to bottom, the panels are labeled as I–IX. d The electromagnetic field distributions of electric dipole mode and magnetic dipole mode in air and in refractive index matching layer with n = 1.48. Here the size parameter is diameter/period of 180/320 nm. e The CIE1931 plot for numerically calculated structural color palettes under Black Body illumination condition. The triangles and stars represent the results in air and in DMSO solution.
Fig. 2 The schematic and the numerical simulation of Si metasurfaces. a The schematic of the Si metasurfaces. The left panel shows the colors are pale with a background reflection in air. The right panel shows distinct colors can be achieved by adding a refractive index matching layer such as PMMA or DMSO. Panel b, c are the calculated reflection spectra of Si metasurface with different lattice sizes in air and in DMSO, respectively. The insets are the corresponding structural color. From top to bottom, the panels are labeled as I–IX. d The electromagnetic field distributions of electric dipole mode and magnetic dipole mode in air and in refractive index matching layer with n = 1.48. Here the size parameter is diameter/period of 180/320 nm. e The CIE1931 plot for numerically calculated structural color palettes under Black Body illumination condition. The triangles and stars represent the results in air and in DMSO solution.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 The experimentally recorded structural color. a the top-view SEM images of the Si metasurfaces with different lattice sizes. The scale bar is 400 nm. Panels b, c are the experimentally recorded reflection spectra in air and in DMSO solution. The insets are their displayed colors under bright-field microscope. d The experimentally recorded color palettes of 108 Si metasurfaces in air (triangles) and in DMSO (stars), respectively. Panels e, f are the experimentally recorded color palettes of 108 Si metasurfaces in air and in DMSO, respectively.
Fig. 3 The experimentally recorded structural color. a the top-view SEM images of the Si metasurfaces with different lattice sizes. The scale bar is 400 nm. Panels b, c are the experimentally recorded reflection spectra in air and in DMSO solution. The insets are their displayed colors under bright-field microscope. d The experimentally recorded color palettes of 108 Si metasurfaces in air (triangles) and in DMSO (stars), respectively. Panels e, f are the experimentally recorded color palettes of 108 Si metasurfaces in air and in DMSO, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 The resolution test of the all-dielectric structural color. a The top-view SEM images of Si metasurfaces with different lattice and different pixel sizes. The scale bar is 400 nm. b The experimentally recorded bright-field microscope images. The smallest pixel sizes for yellow, green, blue, and purple colors are 320, 250, 200, and 190 nm, respectively. c The top-view SEM images of “Phoenix”. d The pure color image of a “Phoenix” with different pitch sizes. No color degradation can be seen with the reduction of pixel size. The insets show the SEM images at different locations. e The top-view SEM images of “rainbow”. f The microscope image of a color “Rainbow” with different pixel sizes. Different colors can be well distinguished at the diffraction-limit resolutions. The scale bars are 100 µm in (c, d), and 20 µm in (e, f). The scale bars of insets in (c, e) are 250 nm.
Fig. 4 The resolution test of the all-dielectric structural color. a The top-view SEM images of Si metasurfaces with different lattice and different pixel sizes. The scale bar is 400 nm. b The experimentally recorded bright-field microscope images. The smallest pixel sizes for yellow, green, blue, and purple colors are 320, 250, 200, and 190 nm, respectively. c The top-view SEM images of “Phoenix”. d The pure color image of a “Phoenix” with different pitch sizes. No color degradation can be seen with the reduction of pixel size. The insets show the SEM images at different locations. e The top-view SEM images of “rainbow”. f The microscope image of a color “Rainbow” with different pixel sizes. Different colors can be well distinguished at the diffraction-limit resolutions. The scale bars are 100 µm in (c, d), and 20 µm in (e, f). The scale bars of insets in (c, e) are 250 nm.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Full-color image printing with Si metasurface. a The top-view SEM image of a peacock with an orchid. The scale bar is 100 µm. Panels b–d are the corresponding bright-field microscope images in air, DMSO solution and packaged with PMMA. The scale bar is 100 µm, and the scale bar of inset SEM is 1 µm.
Fig. 5 Full-color image printing with Si metasurface. a The top-view SEM image of a peacock with an orchid. The scale bar is 100 µm. Panels b–d are the corresponding bright-field microscope images in air, DMSO solution and packaged with PMMA. The scale bar is 100 µm, and the scale bar of inset SEM is 1 µm.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Yang, W., Xiao, S., Song, Q., Liu, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, S., Yu, J., Han, J., & Tsai, D.-P.
Affiliations
  • Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
  • Shanxi University (CN)
  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Corresponding author
  • Xiao, Shumin
  • Tsai, Din-Ping
ORCID
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-04-20
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
1864-1864
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41467-020-15773-0
PMC
PMC7171068
OpenAlex
W3017271859
Cited by
543
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 68 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 20
FWCI
45.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (2018YFB2200400)
  • Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (SGDX2019081623281169)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photonic Crystals and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
Keywords
structural color, silicon metasurfaces, color gamut, nanodisk arrays, diffraction-limited resolution, broadband reflection, dielectric metasurfaces

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