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Cited by 237

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years

Gowan, Evan J., Zhang, Xu, Khosravi, Sara, Rovere, Alessio, Stocchi, Paolo, Hughes, Anna L. C., Gyllencreutz, Richard, Mangerud, Jan, Svendsen, John-Inge, Lohmann, Gerrit·2021·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-21469-wPMC PMC7902671
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Abstract

The evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ 18 O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed independently of far-field sea level and δ 18 O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ 18 O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.

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Figures

Fig. 1 Reconstruction of North American ice sheets during Marine Isotope Stage 3. a 47,500 yr BP—minimal scenario, b 45,000 yr BP, prior to Heinrich Event 5—minimal scenario, c 42,500 yr BP, after Heinrich Event 5—minimal scenario with full deglaciation of Hudson Bay, d 47,500 yr BP—maximal scenario, e 45,000 yr BP, prior to Heinrich Event 5—maximal scenario, f 42,500 yr BP, after Heinrich Event 5—maximal scenario with less retreat. The contour interval is 500 m.
Fig. 1 Reconstruction of North American ice sheets during Marine Isotope Stage 3. a 47,500 yr BP—minimal scenario, b 45,000 yr BP, prior to Heinrich Event 5—minimal scenario, c 42,500 yr BP, after Heinrich Event 5—minimal scenario with full deglaciation of Hudson Bay, d 47,500 yr BP—maximal scenario, e 45,000 yr BP, prior to Heinrich Event 5—maximal scenario, f 42,500 yr BP, after Heinrich Event 5—maximal scenario with less retreat. The contour interval is 500 m.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Relations between ice sheet volume and sea level in the reconstruction. The solid line represents the minimal MIS 3 scenario, while the dotted line is the maximal MIS 3 scenario. a Ice sheet volume. b Calculated ice-volume equivalent sea level, compared with the global seawater δ18O stack41 (blue line with 2σ error range), converted to sea level using a value of −116 m for the maximum sea-level drop. c Comparison of sea-level calculated at the outlet of the Red Sea and a sea-level reconstruction40 based on planktonic foraminifer δ18O, with chronology corrected to match an eastern Mediterranean speleothem record (green dots with 2σ error bars).
Fig. 2 Relations between ice sheet volume and sea level in the reconstruction. The solid line represents the minimal MIS 3 scenario, while the dotted line is the maximal MIS 3 scenario. a Ice sheet volume. b Calculated ice-volume equivalent sea level, compared with the global seawater δ18O stack41 (blue line with 2σ error range), converted to sea level using a value of −116 m for the maximum sea-level drop. c Comparison of sea-level calculated at the outlet of the Red Sea and a sea-level reconstruction40 based on planktonic foraminifer δ18O, with chronology corrected to match an eastern Mediterranean speleothem record (green dots with 2σ error bars).CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheets, paleotopography, and far-field sea level. a Paleotopography reconstruction at 20,000 yr BP, with contours indicating calculated relative sea level compared to present. Sea level at b Barbados102, c Sunda Shelf103,104, d Bonaparte Gulf105, e Great Barrier Reef east of Cairns106, and f Great Barrier Reef east of Mackay106. Multiple calculated sea-level curves on the plots (black lines) are due to the fact that the samples come from a broad geographical region, and there is regional variation in relative sea level. We calculate sea level at the location of each sample. The sea-level indicators include index points (sea level is near or at the elevation of the sample), terrestrial limiting (sea level should be below the elevation of the sample), and marine limiting (sea level should be above the elevation of the sample). Error bars represent 2σ uncertainty in age, and uncertainty in measured elevation and geological context for sea level.
Fig. 3 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheets, paleotopography, and far-field sea level. a Paleotopography reconstruction at 20,000 yr BP, with contours indicating calculated relative sea level compared to present. Sea level at b Barbados102, c Sunda Shelf103,104, d Bonaparte Gulf105, e Great Barrier Reef east of Cairns106, and f Great Barrier Reef east of Mackay106. Multiple calculated sea-level curves on the plots (black lines) are due to the fact that the samples come from a broad geographical region, and there is regional variation in relative sea level. We calculate sea level at the location of each sample. The sea-level indicators include index points (sea level is near or at the elevation of the sample), terrestrial limiting (sea level should be below the elevation of the sample), and marine limiting (sea level should be above the elevation of the sample). Error bars represent 2σ uncertainty in age, and uncertainty in measured elevation and geological context for sea level.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Show all 107 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Khosravi, S. Comparison of the Past Climate in Northern Canada and Greenland. Master’s thesis, University of Bremen (2017).

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Metadata

Authors
Gowan, E. J., Zhang, X., Khosravi, S., Rovere, A., Stocchi, P., Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Mangerud, J., Svendsen, J.-I., & Lohmann, G.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-02-23
Volume
12
Issue
1
ISSN
2041-1723
DOI
10.1038/s41467-021-21469-w
PMC
PMC7902671
Cited by
237
References
107
Language
en
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-021-21469-w
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Gowan, E. J., Zhang, X., Khosravi, S., Rovere, A., Stocchi, P., Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Mangerud, J., Svendsen, J.-I., & Lohmann, G. (2021). A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21469-w

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