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Unequal airborne exposure to toxic metals associated with race, ethnicity, and segregation in the USA
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Persons of color have been exposed to a disproportionate burden of air pollution across the United States for decades. Yet, the inequality in exposure to known toxic elements of air pollution is unclear. Here, we find that populations living in racially segregated communities are exposed to a form of fine particulate matter with over three times higher mass proportions of known toxic and carcinogenic metals. While concentrations of total fine particulate matter are two times higher in racially segregated communities, concentrations of metals from anthropogenic sources are nearly ten times higher. Populations living in racially segregated communities have been disproportionately exposed to these environmental stressors throughout the past decade. We find evidence, however, that these disproportionate exposures may be abated though targeted regulatory action. For example, recent regulations on marine fuel oil not only reduced vanadium concentrations in coastal cities, but also sharply lessened differences in vanadium exposure by segregation.
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Collaborating with knowledgeable Indigenous stewards has the dual benefit of respecting Indigenous sovereignty demands while also addressing the city's environmental issues and caring for vulnerable coastal areas.
“Collaborating with knowledgeable Indigenous stewards has the dual benefit of respecting Indigenous sovereignty demands while also addressing our city's environmental issues and caring for our vulnerable coastal areas.130,131”
From NPCC4: Advancing climate justice in climate adaptation strategies for New York City (2024) · cites this paper as [130]
The Results section discusses reduced coastal air pollution following marine-fuel regulations, not collaboration with Indigenous stewards. Searches for Indigenous stewardship and sovereignty found no passage addressing the claimed benefits for sovereignty, city environmental issues, or vulnerable coastal areas. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kodros, J. K., Bell, M. L., Dominici, F., L’Orange, C., Godri Pollitt, K. J., Weichenthal, S., Wu, X., & Volckens, J.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kodros, John K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2022-11-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6329-6329
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9626599
- OpenAlex
- W4308029173
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14
- FWCI
- 17.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Health Effects Institute (4953- RFA14-3/16-4)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (DP2MD012722, R01MD012769, R01 ES028033, 1R01ES030616)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD012769)
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (83587201-0, RD83587101)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- PM2.5, racial segregation, environmental justice, air pollution, toxic metals, vanadium, coastal cities
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Ethnicity, Humans, United States, Vanadium, Particulate Matter
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