The impact of introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage in Nigeria
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Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) protect against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among vaccinees. However, at population level, this protection is driven by indirect effects. PCVs prevent nasopharyngeal acquisition of vaccine-serotype (VT) pneumococci, reducing onward transmission. Each disease episode is preceded by infection from a carrier, so vaccine impacts on carriage provide a minimum estimate of disease reduction in settings lacking expensive IPD surveillance. We documented carriage prevalence and vaccine coverage in two settings in Nigeria annually (2016–2020) following PCV10 introduction in 2016. Among 4,684 rural participants, VT carriage prevalence fell from 21 to 12% as childhood (<5 years) vaccine coverage rose from 7 to 84%. Among 2,135 urban participants, VT carriage prevalence fell from 16 to 9% as uptake rose from 15 to 94%. Within these ranges, carriage prevalence declined with uptake. Increasing PCV10 coverage reduced pneumococcal infection at all ages, implying at least a comparable reduction in IPD.
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The decline in AMR mortality in children younger than 5 years coincides with widespread vaccination efforts and improved access to WASH.
“This decline coincides with widespread vaccination efforts and improved access to WASH37, 38”
From Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050 (2024) · cites this paper as [38]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that PCV10 coverage rose while vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage fell in two Nigerian settings, supporting the vaccination part of the sentence. It does not report a decline in antimicrobial-resistance mortality among children under 5 or address improved access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Assessing the effect of social contact structure on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccinesPreprint
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- Authors
- Adamu, A. L., Ojal, J., Abubakar, I. A., Odeyemi, K. A., Bello, M. M., Okoromah, C. A. N., Karia, B., Karani, A., Akech, D., Inem, V., Scott, J. A. G., & Adetifa, I. M. O.
- Affiliations
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE)
- University of Lagos (NG)
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Adamu, Aishatu L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2023-05-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2666-2666
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10169786
- OpenAlex
- W4376131846
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Wellcome Trust (214320, 107769, 214320/Z/18/Z, 107769/Z/10/Z)
- Government of the United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (16/136/46)
- Department for International Development
- New Partnership for Africa's Development (107769/Z/10/Z, DEL-15-003)
- African Academy of Sciences (DEL-15-003, 107769/Z/10/Z)
- Medical Research Council (MR/S005293/1)
- Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (DEL-15-003, 107769/Z/10/Z)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV10, pneumococcal carriage, nasopharyngeal carriage, vaccination coverage, herd protection, indirect vaccine effects, invasive pneumococcal disease, Nigeria, rural and urban populations
- MeSH terms
- Child, Humans, Nigeria, Pneumococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vaccines, Conjugate, Pneumococcal Vaccines
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