Carbon dioxide sequestration through silicate degradation and carbon mineralisation: promises and uncertainties
Open accessAbstract
Turning carbon dioxide (CO 2) into rocks: controlling this process, which naturally operates at the Earth’s surface over geological timescales, is likely to represent a major technological challenge of this century. One of the recurring criticisms with the carbonation reactions is their sluggishness, as it is commonly admitted that converting silicates into carbonates within geologic reservoirs may take up to several thousands of years, i.e., a duration which is hardly compatible with the goal of achieving net zero emissions by mid-century. Last year, a study that generated substantial interest suggested that after 2 years, more than 95% of the CO 2 injected over the course of a pilot project of CO 2 injection in lava flows in Iceland might have been mineralised into carbonates. While such results could have been considered as a green light for industrial applications, a new high-profile study based on the same pilot experiment tempered this idea, as it revealed unexpected modifications of deep ecosystems in response to CO 2 injection, evidencing a bloom of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, which have the ability to promote autotrophic C-fixation. Stated in other words, part of the CO 2 that was initially thought to be mineralised under the form of stable carbonates might instead have been converted into (much more labile) biomass. Assessing the respective contributions of carbonates and biomass to the C-sequestration should therefore represent a prerequisite prior to large-scale carbon capture and storage through mineral carbonation, to make sure that the cure is not worse than the disease.
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The steps of pretreatment for Mg extraction and post treatment of the carbonate products have already reached TRL 5-9.
“Even though the steps of pretreatment for Mg extraction and post treatment of the carbonate products have already reached TRL 5-9, reactors for the carbonation process are still at TRL 6 ( pilot trials).168”
From Mechanisms of Mg carbonates precipitation and implications for CO <sub>2</sub> capture and utilization/storage (2023) · cites this paper as [168]
In the European Union, 89% of the primary supply of Mg is imported.
“For example in the European Union 89% of the primary supply of Mg is imported; 169 however, sources of Mg silicates in natural resources (ultramafic rocks) and in inorganic waste-streams (steel slags, mining tailings, fly ash, etc.) are abundant globally.”
From Mechanisms of Mg carbonates precipitation and implications for CO <sub>2</sub> capture and utilization/storage (2023) · cites this paper as [169]
Reactors for the carbonation process are still at TRL 6 (pilot trials).
“Even though the steps of pretreatment for Mg extraction and post treatment of the carbonate products have already reached TRL 5-9, reactors for the carbonation process are still at TRL 6 ( pilot trials).168”
From Mechanisms of Mg carbonates precipitation and implications for CO <sub>2</sub> capture and utilization/storage (2023) · cites this paper as [168]
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“’s study.(19) In the CarbFix project, the CO2 is dissolved into down-flowing water in the well during its injection.”
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Mineralization Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage
Hills, C. D., Tripathi, N., & Carey, P. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2020.00142 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“A further potential significant consideration is the role of iron-oxidizing bacteria on the degradation of silicate rocks, which is described by Daval (2018).”
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Role of Fe(II) Content in Olivine Carbonation in Wet Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
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- Authors
- Daval, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Daval, Damien
- ORCID
- Daval, Damien
- Venue
- npj Materials Degradation
- Published
- 2018-04-04
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2397-2106 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2807228745
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Materials Degradation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
- Keywords
- CO2 sequestration, CO2 mineralization, CO2 injection, lava flows, chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, carbon capture and storage, net-zero emissions
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