The health and social implications of household air pollution and respiratory diseases
Open accessAbstract
Approximately three billion individuals are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from the burning of biomass fuels worldwide. Household air pollution is responsible for 2.9 million annual deaths and causes significant health, economic and social consequences, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although there is biological plausibility to draw an association between HAP exposure and respiratory diseases, existing evidence is either lacking or conflicting. We abstracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses for summaries available for common respiratory diseases in any age group and performed a literature search to complement these reviews with newly published studies. Based on the literature summarized in this review, HAP exposure has been associated with acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumoconiosis, head and neck cancers, and lung cancer. No study, however, has established a causal link between HAP exposure and respiratory disease. Furthermore, few studies have controlled for tobacco smoke exposure and outdoor air pollution. More studies with consistent diagnostic criteria and exposure monitoring are needed to accurately document the association between household air pollution exposure and respiratory disease. Better environmental exposure monitoring is critical to better separate the contributions of household air pollution from that of other exposures, including ambient air pollution and tobacco smoking. Clinicians should be aware that patients with current or past HAP exposure are at increased risk for respiratory diseases or malignancies and may want to consider earlier screening in this population.
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The study's findings align with recent review studies that find no clear relationship between household air pollution exposure from cooking with biomass fuels and tuberculosis risk.
“Our findings align with recent review studies18 37 that find no clear relationship between HAP exposure from cooking with biomass fuels and TB risk.”
From Household air pollution exposure and risk of tuberculosis: a case–control study of women in Lilongwe, Malawi (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Simkovich, S. M., Goodman, D., Roa, C., Crocker, M. E., Gianella, G. E., Kirenga, B. J., Wise, R. A., & Checkley, W.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (PE)
- Mulago Hospital (UG)
- Corresponding author
- Checkley, William
- ORCID
- Venue
- npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine
- Published
- 2019-04-26
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-12
- ISSN
- 2055-1010 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6486605
- OpenAlex
- W2940737659
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Tulane University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Morehouse School of Medicine
- National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (UM1HL134590)
- Fogarty International Center (R25TW009340)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- household air pollution, biomass combustion, respiratory diseases, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumoconiosis, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, tobacco smoke exposure, outdoor air pollution, environmental exposure monitoring, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Family Characteristics, Humans, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Risk Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor, Inhalation Exposure
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