The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 102 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Uncovering the birth of the Milky Way through accurate stellar ages with Gaia
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“As Gallart et al. (2019) showed, the majority of the thick disk stars likely formed during/after the merger with Gaia-Enceladus and not before.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Gallart et al. (2019)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“2018) suggest a mass ratio of ∼4:1 for the merger (which has been confirmed by Gallart et al. 2019) on the basis of the estimated stellar mass of Gaia-Enceladus, the expected stellar mass-to-halo mass ratio for objects of this size, and the assumption that a 10 10 M ࣻ thick disk stellar mass is present at the time.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Gallart et al. 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The evidence discussed above, particularly the work of Gallart et al. (2019), supports a scenario in which a gas-rich disk experienced a merger with Gaia-Enceladus, where the stars already present were dynamically heated, and star formation was triggered (possibly in a starburst), leading to the formation of the bulk of the stars in the thick disk.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Gallart et al. (2019)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Helmi et al. (2018) suggest a mass ratio of ∼4:1 for the merger (which has been confirmed byGallart et al. 2019) on the basis of the estimated stellar mass of Gaia-Enceladus, the expected stellar mass-to-halo mass ratio for objects of this size, and the assumption that a 10 10 M ࣻ thick disk stellar mass is present at the time.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Gallart et al. 2019
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Citations
Cites
Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties
Gaia Collaboration, Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., et al. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 · Cited by 8,442
CLOUDY 90: Numerical Simulation of Plasmas and Their Spectra
Ferland, G. J., Korista, K. T., Verner, D. A., Ferguson, J. W., Kingdon, J. B., & Verner, E. M. (1998) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/316190 · Cited by 2,499
THE AVERAGE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF GALAXIES IN DARK MATTER HALOS FROM z = 0-8
Behroozi, P. S., Wechsler, R. H., & Conroy, C. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/770/1/57 · Cited by 2,167
Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution
Lindegren, L., Hernández, J., Bombrun, A., Klioner, S., Bastian, U., Ramos-Lerate, M., de Torres, A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C., Hobbs, D., et al. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832727 · Cited by 1,983
Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2
Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Rybizki, J., Fouesneau, M., Mantelet, G., & Andrae, R. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacb21 · Cited by 1,829
Radiative Transfer in a Clumpy Universe. II. The Ultraviolet Extragalactic Background
Haardt, F., & Madau, P. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/177035 · Cited by 1,576
Compositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo
Searle, L., & Zinn, R. (1978) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/156499 · Cited by 1,524
Pietrinferni, A., Cassisi, S., Salaris, M., & Castelli, F. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/422498 · Cited by 1,417
Self-citationThe distribution of low-mass stars in the Galactic disc
Kroupa, P., Tout, C., & Gilmore, G. (1993) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/262.3.545 · Cited by 1,347
LAMOST spectral survey — An overview
Zhao, G., Zhao, Y., Chu, Y., Jing, Y., & Deng, L. (2012) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/12/7/002 · Cited by 1,262
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure
Naidu, R. P., Conroy, C., Bonaca, A., Johnson, B. D., 丁, Y.-S. 源. T., Caldwell, N., Zaritsky, D., & Cargile, P. A. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4 · Cited by 449
Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way
Helmi, A. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021917 · Cited by 407
Belokurov, V. A., Sanders, J. L., Fattahi, A., Smith, M. C., Deason, A. J., Evans, N. W., & Grand, R. J. J. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa876 · Cited by 296
Multiple retrograde substructures in the Galactic halo: A shattered view of Galactic history
Koppelman, H. H., Helmi, A., Massari, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., & Starkenburg, T. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936738 · Cited by 248
Jin, S., Trager, S. C., Dalton, G., Aguerri, J. A. L., Drew, J. E., Falcón‐Barroso, J., Gänsicke, B. T., Hill, V., Iovino, A., Pieri, M. M., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad557 · Cited by 221
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gallart, C., Bernard, E. J., Brook, C. B., Ruiz-Lara, T., Cassisi, S., Hill, V., & Monelli, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Collurania Teramo Observatory (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Gallart, Carme
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Astronomy
- Published
- 2019-07-22
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 932-939
- ISSN
- 2397-3366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2963416706
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 16.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Astronomy (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Milky Way formation, stellar ages, Gaia-Enceladus, Gaia, Galactic halo, thick disk, galaxy mergers, stellar kinematics, galaxy accretion
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