Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2
Open accessAbstract
For the vast majority of stars in the second Gaia data release, reliable distances cannot be obtained by inverting the parallax. A correct inference procedure must instead be used to account for the nonlinearity of the transformation and the asymmetry of the resulting probability distribution. Here, we infer distances to essentially all 1.33 billion stars with parallaxes published in the second Gaia data release. This is done using a weak distance prior that varies smoothly as a function of Galactic longitude and latitude according to a Galaxy model. The irreducible uncertainty in the distance estimate is characterized by the lower and upper bounds of an asymmetric confidence interval. Although more precise distances can be estimated for a subset of the stars using additional data (such as photometry), our goal is to provide purely geometric distance estimates, independent of assumptions about the physical properties of, or interstellar extinction toward, individual stars. We analyze the characteristics of the catalog and validate it using clusters. The catalog can be queried using ADQL at http://gaia.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/tap.html (which also hosts the Gaia catalog) and downloaded from http://www.mpia.de/~calj/gdr2_distances.html .
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J1407 is a pre-main-sequence, 16 Myr old, 0.9 M☉, V=12.3 mag K5 star at a distance of ~139 pc, and a member of the Sco-Cen OB association.
“1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 (hereafter J1407) is a premain-sequence, 16 Myr old, 0 : 9 M , V = 12 : 3 mag K5 star with parallax 7 : 1835 0 : 0447 mas (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2018), consistent with d = 138 : 7 0 : 6 pc (Bailer-Jones et al. 2018) and membership of the Sco-Cen OB association (Mamajek et al. 2012).”
From ALMA and NACO observations towards the young exoring transit system J1407 (V1400 Cen) (2020) · cites this paper as Bailer-Jones et al. 2018
Section 4, “Distance Catalog Content and Characteristics,” identifies this paper as the source of Gaia DR2 stellar distance estimates and their uncertainty bounds. Our copy does not identify J1407 or report its stated distance of 138.7 ± 0.6 pc, so it cannot verify that specific value. The star’s other properties and Sco-Cen membership are not attributed to Bailer-Jones et al. in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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(7768493), J. C., Agüeros, M. A., (21850259), S. M., (21918944), K. C., (21926477), S. D., (21926480), R. A., (15890618), S. S., (21891755), A. C., (7768877), A. V., (7637873), N. L., et al. (2025) · Figshare · Cited by 122 · see citing works
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A classifier for spurious astrometric solutions in Gaia eDR3
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Self-citationGaia Data Release 2 distances and peculiar velocities for Galactic black hole transients
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The Galactic disc in action space as seen byGaiaDR2
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Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood
Meingast, S., & Alves, J. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834622 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
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A New Look at T Tauri Star Forbidden Lines: MHD-driven Winds from the Inner Disk
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Tracing the formation of the Milky Way through ultra metal-poor stars
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Resolved Young Binary Systems and Their Disks
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Hot Jupiters Are Destroyed by Tides While Their Host Stars Are on the Main Sequence
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Origin of the Excess of High-energy Retrograde Stars in the Galactic Halo
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Kerr, R. M. P., Rizzuto, A. C., Kraus, A. L., & Offner, S. S. R. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0251 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The Galactic warp revealed by Gaia DR2 kinematics
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Photometric Study and Absolute Parameter Estimation of Six Totally Eclipsing Contact Binaries
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The First Habitable-zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I. Validation of the TOI-700 System
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Is HR 6819 a triple system containing a black hole?
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Scaling K2. I. Revised Parameters for 222,088 K2 Stars and a K2 Planet Radius Valley at 1.9 R ⊕
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Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars
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Temperature, Mass, and Turbulence: A Spatially Resolved Multiband Non-LTE Analysis of CS in TW Hya
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Cepheid Abundances: Multiphase Results and Spatial Gradients
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A Census of Symbiotic Stars in the 2MASS, WISE , and Gaia Surveys
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- Authors
- Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Rybizki, J., Fouesneau, M., Mantelet, G., & Andrae, R.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2018-07-20
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 58
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W2798430172
- Cited by
- 1,829
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 181 · 2021: 322 · 2020: 506 · 2019: 411 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 177.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Keywords
- stellar distances, parallax, Gaia DR2, galactic models, star clusters
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