Single-cell atlas of human liver development reveals pathways directing hepatic cell fates
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The liver has been studied extensively due to the broad number of diseases affecting its vital functions. However, therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning human hepatic development. Here, we addressed this limitation by describing the developmental trajectories of different cell types that make up the human liver at single-cell resolution. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that sequential cell-to-cell interactions direct functional maturation of hepatocytes, with non-parenchymal cells playing essential roles during organogenesis. We utilized this information to derive bipotential hepatoblast organoids and then exploited this model system to validate the importance of signalling pathways in hepatocyte and cholangiocyte specification. Further insights into hepatic maturation also enabled the identification of stage-specific transcription factors to improve the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells. Thus, our study establishes a platform to investigate the basic mechanisms directing human liver development and to produce cell types for clinical applications.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A pericentral-to-periportal gradient of Rspo3 in HSCs was observed.
“Consistent with previous studies31–33 and befitting the zonal alterations in HSC-depleted livers, we observed a pericentral-to-periportal gradient of Rspo3 in HSCs (Fig. 3f).”
From Hepatic stellate cells control liver zonation, size and functions via R-spondin 3 (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The ‘Dynamic intercellular interactions of the developing liver’ section (page unavailable) reports RSPO3-LGR4/5 interactions between hepatoblasts and stellate cells at 5–6 PCW. It does not report a pericentral-to-periportal RSPO3 gradient. In the citing sentence, ‘we observed’ also identifies the gradient as the citing authors’ own observation, rather than a finding directly attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRspo3 is expressed in HSCs during development.
“As Rspo3 is expressed in HSCs during development32, we generated mice with an inducible knockout of Rspo3 in HSCs through Pdgfrb-creERT2 (Rspo3ΔHSC-ind) mice for postnatal deletion.”
From Hepatic stellate cells control liver zonation, size and functions via R-spondin 3 (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 68 · Cited by 146
Research works printed but not linked: 49
- [1]Bilzer M Roggel F Gerbes AL Role of Kupffer cells in host defense and liver disease Liver Int 2006 26 1175 1186 17105582
- [3]Maroni L Functional and structural features of cholangiocytes in health and disease Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 1 368 380 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.05.005 26273695 PMC4530547 · DOI
- [5]Lu W-Y Hepatic progenitor cells of biliary origin with liver repopulation capacity Nat Cell Biol 2015 17 971 983 10.1038/ncb3203 26192438 PMC4612439 · DOI · Paper page
- [6]Poisson J Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: Physiology and role in liver diseases Journal of Hepatology 2017 66 27423426
- [7]Aizarani N A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors Nature 2019 1 10.1038/s41586-019-1373-2 31292543 PMC6687507 · DOI · Paper page
- [8]MacParland SA Single cell RNA sequencing of human liver reveals distinct intrahepatic macrophage populations Nat Commun 2018 9 4383 10.1038/s41467-018-06318-7 30348985 PMC6197289 · DOI · Paper page
- [9]Ramachandran P Resolving the fibrotic niche of human liver cirrhosis at single-cell level Nature 2019 1 10.1038/s41586-019-1631-3 31597160 PMC6876711 · DOI · Paper page
- [10]Segal JM Single cell analysis of human foetal liver captures the transcriptional profile of hepatobiliary hybrid progenitors Nat Commun 2019 10 3350 10.1038/s41467-019-11266-x 31350390 PMC6659636 · DOI
- [11]Wang X Comparative analysis of cell lineage differentiation during hepatogenesis in humans and mice at the single-cell transcriptome level Cell Res 2020 10.1038/s41422-020-0378-6 32690901 PMC7784864 · DOI
- [12]Forbes SJ Alison MR Knocking on the door to successful hepatocyte transplantation Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014 11 277 278 24662276
- [13]Kegel V Protocol for Isolation of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Corresponding Major Populations of Non-parenchymal Liver Cells J Vis Exp 2016 1 10 10.3791/53069 27077489 PMC4841324 · DOI
- [20]Van Der Maaten L Courville A Fergus R Manning C Accelerating t-SNE using Tree-Based Algorithms Journal of Machine Learning Research 2014 15
- [21]Godlewski G Gaubert-Cristol R Rouy S Prudhomme M Liver development in the rat and in man during the embryonic period (Carnegie stages 11-23) Microsc Res Tech 1997 39 314 327 9407542
- [22]Antoniou A Intrahepatic Bile Ducts Develop According to a New Mode of Tubulogenesis Regulated by the Transcription Factor SOX9 Gastroenterology 2009 136 2325 2333 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.051 19403103 PMC2743481 · DOI
- [23]Si-Tayeb K Lemaigre FP Duncan SA Organogenesis and Development of the Liver Developmental Cell 2010 18 175 189 20159590
- [24]Collardeau-Frachon S Scoazec J-Y Vascular Development and Differentiation During Human Liver Organogenesis Anat Rec Adv Integr Anat Evol Biol 2008 291 614 627 18484606
- [25]Asahina K Zhou B Pu WT Tsukamoto H Septum transversum-derived mesothelium gives rise to hepatic stellate cells and perivascular mesenchymal cells in developing mouse liver Hepatology 2011 53 983 995 10.1002/hep.24119 21294146 PMC3078645 · DOI
- [26]Loo CKC Wu XJ Origin of stellate cells from submesothelial cells in a developing human liver Liver Int 2008 28 1437 1445 18482267
- [28]Wolf FA PAGA: graph abstraction reconciles clustering with trajectory inference through a topology preserving map of single cells Genome Biol 2019 20 1 9 10.1186/s13059-019-1663-x 30890159 PMC6425583 · DOI · Paper page
- [29]Alpert A Moore LS Dubovik T Shen-Orr SS Alignment of single-cell trajectories to compare cellular expression dynamics Nat Methods 2018 15 267 270 29529018
- [30]Pérez-Pomares JM Contribution of mesothelium-derived cells to liver sinusoids in avian embryos Dev Dyn 2004 229 465 474 14991702
- [32]Patsch C Generation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells 2015 10.1038/ncb3205 26214132 PMC4566857 · DOI
- [33]Coll M Generation of Hepatic Stellate Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Enables In Vitro Modeling of Liver Fibrosis Cell Stem Cell 2018 0 30049452
- [34]Prior N Lgr5+ stem and progenitor cells reside at the apex of a heterogeneous embryonic hepatoblast pool Development 2019 146 10.1242/dev.174557 31142540 PMC6602348 · DOI
- [35]Schmelzer E Wauthier E Reid LM The Phenotypes of Pluripotent Human Hepatic Progenitors Stem Cells 2006 24 1852 1858 16627685
- [37]Li B Adult Mouse Liver Contains Two Distinct Populations of Cholangiocytes Stem Cell Reports 2017 9 478 489 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.003 28689996 PMC5549808 · DOI
- [38]Stevens KR In situ expansion of engineered human liver tissue in a mouse model of chronic liver disease Sci Transl Med 2017 9 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah5505 28724577 PMC5896001 · DOI
- [40]Huch M In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration Nature 2013 494 247 250 10.1038/nature11826 23354049 PMC3634804 · DOI · Paper page
- [42]Vento-Tormo R Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal–fetal interface in humans Nature 2018 563 347 353 10.1038/s41586-018-0698-6 30429548 PMC7612850 · DOI · Paper page
- [43]Efremova M Vento-Tormo M Teichmann SA Vento-Tormo R CellPhoneDB: inferring cell–cell communication from combined expression of multi-subunit ligand–receptor complexes Nat Protoc 2020 15 1484 1506 2020 154 32103204
- [44]Geisler F Liver-specific inactivation of Notch2, but not Notch1, compromises intrahepatic bile duct development in mice Hepatology 2008 48 607 616 18666240
- [45]Clotman F Control of liver cell fate decision by a gradient of TGFβ signaling modulated by Onecut transcription factors Genes Dev 2005 19 1849 1854 10.1101/gad.340305 16103213 PMC1186184 · DOI
- [46]Takahashi K Yamanaka S Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors Cell 2006 126 663 676 16904174
- [47]Baxter M Phenotypic and functional analyses show stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells better mimic fetal rather than adult hepatocytes J Hepatol 2015 62 581 9 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.016 25457200 PMC4334496 · DOI
- [48]Takebe T Vascularized and Complex Organ Buds from Diverse Tissues via Mesenchymal Cell-Driven Condensation Cell Stem Cell 2015 16 556 65 25891906
- [49]Gray Camp J Multilineage communication regulates human liver bud development from pluripotency Nature 2017 546 28614297
- [50]Sampaziotis F Cholangiocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling and drug validation Nat Biotechnol 2015 33 845 852 10.1038/nbt.3275 26167629 PMC4768345 · DOI
- [51]Challet Meylan L Challet Meylan L Patsch C Thoma E Endothelial cells differentiation from hPSCs Nat Protoc Exch 2015 10.1038/protex.2015.055 · DOI
- [53]Bertero A Optimized inducible shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 platforms for in vitro studies of human development using hPSCs Development 2016 143 4405 4418 10.1242/dev.138081 27899508 PMC5201041 · DOI
- [54]Pawlowski M Inducible and Deterministic Forward Programming of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Neurons, Skeletal Myocytes, and Oligodendrocytes Stem Cell Reports 2017 8 803 812 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.016 28344001 PMC5390118 · DOI
- [55]Popescu D-M Decoding human fetal liver haematopoiesis Nature 2019 1 7 10.1038/s41586-019-1652-y 31597962 PMC6861135 · DOI · Paper page
- [57]Edeling M Ragi G Huang S Pavenstädt H Susztak K Developmental signalling pathways in renal fibrosis: the roles of Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog Nature Reviews Nephrology 2016 12 426 439 10.1038/nrneph.2016.54 27140856 PMC5529143 · DOI
- [58]Martinez FJ Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2017 3 29052582
- [59]Hannan NRF Segeritz C-P Touboul T Vallier L Production of hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells Nat Protoc 2013 8 430 437 10.1038/nprot.2012.153 23424751 PMC3673228 · DOI
- [60]Yusa K Targeted gene correction of α1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells Nature 2011 478 391 4 10.1038/nature10424 21993621 PMC3198846 · DOI
- [61]Touboul T Generation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells under chemically defined conditions that recapitulate liver development Hepatology 2010 51 1754 1765 20301097
- [62]Gieseck RL Maturation of induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes by 3D-culture PLoS One 2014 9 10.1371/journal.pone.0086372 24466060 PMC3899231 · DOI
- [63]Gieseck RL Vallier L Hannan NRF Generation of Hepatocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Developmental Modeling Humana Press New York, NY 2015 123 142 26272139
- [64]Berger DR Ware BR Davidson MD Allsup SR Khetani SR Enhancing the functional maturity of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human hepatocytes by controlled presentation of cell-cell interactions in vitro Hepatology 2015 61 1370 1381 25421237
- Authors
- Wesley, B. T., Ross, A. D. B., Muraro, D., Miao, Z., Saxton, S., Tomaz, R. A., Morell, C. M., Ridley, K., Zacharis, E. D., Petrus-Reurer, S., Kraiczy, J., Mahbubani, K. T., Brown, S., Garcia-Bernardo, J., Alsinet, C., Gaffney, D., Horsfall, D., Tysoe, O. C., Botting, R. A., Stephenson, E., Popescu, D.-M., MacParland, S., Bader, G., McGilvray, I. D., Ortmann, D., Sampaziotis, F., Saeb-Parsy, K., Haniffa, M., Stevens, K. R., Zilbauer, M., Teichmann, S. A., & Vallier, L.
- Affiliations
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute (GB)
- European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (CA)
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vallier, Ludovic
- ORCID
- Wesley, Brandon T.
- Ross, Alexander D. B.
- Muraro, Daniele
- Miao, Zhichao
- Saxton, Sarah
- Tomaz, Rute A.
- Morell, Carola M.
- Ridley, Katherine
- Zacharis, Ekaterini D.
- Petrus-Reurer, Sandra
- Kraiczy, Judith
- Mahbubani, Krishnaa T.
- Brown, Stephanie
- Alsinet, Clara
- Gaffney, Daniel
- Horsfall, Dave
- Tysoe, Olivia C.
- Botting, Rachel A.
- Stephenson, Emily
- MacParland, Sonya
- Bader, Gary
- McGilvray, Ian D.
- Sampaziotis, Fotios
- Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh
- Haniffa, Muzlifah
- Stevens, Kelly R.
- Zilbauer, Matthias
- Teichmann, Sarah A.
- Vallier, Ludovic
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2022-09-15
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1487-1498
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- PMC
- PMC7617064
- OpenAlex
- W4295950911
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- Wellcome Trust (WT206194, 206194)
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2017-14-001)
- Academy of Medical Sciences (SGL019\1071)
- University of Cambridge
- Rosetrees Trust
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC/R001987/1, NC/T2T0419, NC/N001540/1)
- Cambridge University Hospitals
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- hepatocyte maturation, non-parenchymal cells, cell-cell interactions, developmental trajectories, transcription factors, single-cell transcriptomics, liver organogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Cell Differentiation, Humans, Liver, Organoids, Transcription Factors, Hepatocytes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review