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Identification of LiH and nanocrystalline LiF in the solid–electrolyte interphase of lithium metal anodes

Shadike, Zulipiya, Lee, Hongkyung, Borodin, Oleg, Cao, Xia, Fan, Xiulin, Wang, Xuelong, Lin, Ruoqian, Bak, Seong-Min, Ghose, Sanjit, Xu, Kang, Wang, Chunsheng, Liu, Jun, Xiao, Jie, Yang, Xiao-Qing, Hu, Enyuan·2021·Nature Nanotechnology
DOI 10.1038/s41565-020-00845-5
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Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition is crucial to developing high-energy batteries based on lithium metal anodes. A particularly contentious issue concerns the presence of LiH in the SEI. Here we report on the use of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis to identify and differentiate two elusive components, LiH and LiF, in the SEI of lithium metal anodes. LiH is identified as a component of the SEI in high abundance, and the possibility of its misidentification as LiF in the literature is discussed. LiF in the SEI is found to have different structural features from LiF in the bulk phase, including a larger lattice parameter and a smaller grain size ( + transport and explain why an ionic insulator, like LiF, has been found to be a favoured component for the SEI. Finally, pair distribution function analysis reveals key amorphous components in the SEI.

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Metadata

Authors
Shadike, Z., Lee, H., Borodin, O., Cao, X., Fan, X., Wang, X., Lin, R., Bak, S.-M., Ghose, S., Xu, K., Wang, C., Liu, J., Xiao, J., Yang, X.-Q., & Hu, E.
Affiliations
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
  • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
  • DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory (US)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author
  • Xiao, Jie
  • Yang, Xiao-Qing
  • Hu, Enyuan
ORCID
Venue
Nature Nanotechnology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-01-28
Volume
16
Issue
5
Pages
549-554
ISSN
  • 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
  • 1748-3395
DOI
10.1038/s41565-020-00845-5
OpenAlex
W3124559210
Cited by
320
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 26
FWCI
16.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (DE-SC0012704, DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
Keywords
solid electrolyte interphase, lithium metal anode, lithium hydride, lithium fluoride, SEI composition, Li+ transport, lattice parameters, grain size, Rietveld refinement, pair distribution function analysis

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